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Strategy for Preparation for Mains Geography Optional
HOW TO MAKE INDIA MAP
HOW TO MAKE WORLD MAP
MAP LOCATIONS
CHAPTER 1- MOUNTAIN AND HILLS MAP
CHAPTER 1- Mountains & Hills
CHAPTER 2- MOUNTAIN PEAKS MAP
CHAPTER 2- Mountain peaks
CHAPTER 3- PASSES MAP
CHAPTER 3- Passes
CHAPTER 4- GLACIERS MAP
CHAPTER 4- Glaciers
CHAPTER 5- INDUS RIVER SYSTEM MAP
CHAPTER 5- Indus River System
CHAPTER 6- GANGA RIVER SYSTEM MAP
CHAPTER 6- Ganga River System
CHAPTER 7- YAMUNA RIVER SYSTEM MAP
CHAPTER 7- Yamuna River System
CHAPTER 8- GODAVARI RIVER SYSTEM MAP
CHAPTER 8- Godavari River System
CHAPTER 9- KRISHNA RIVER SYSTEM MAP
CHAPTER 9- Krishna River System
CHAPTER 10- KAVERI RIVER SYSTEM MAP
CHAPTER 10- Kaveri River System
CHAPTER 11- Mahanadi River System MAP
CHAPTER 11- Mahanadi River System
CHAPTER 12- Brahmaputra River System MAP
CHAPTER 12- Brahmaputra River System
CHAPTER 13- Other River MAP
CHAPTER 13- Other Rivers
CHAPTER 14- Waterfalls MAP
CHAPTER 14- Waterfalls
CHAPTER 15- Lakes MAP
CHAPTER 15- Lakes
UPSC Answersheet
1. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS POPULATION GEOGRAPHY
1-DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES NEW
1-Demographic Attributes
Synopsis (Demographic Attributes)
Chapter (Demographic Attributes)
Model Answer-1. The age sex structure actually reflects the intent and character of the society.
2. Determinants of Fertility
Synopsis (Determinants of Fertility)
Model Answer-4. Discuss the level and trends of IMR across the world
3. Synopsis (Population Growth)
Chapter (Population Growth)
Model Answer-2. Discuss the causes of mortality transition. Also, explain the patterns of life expectancy in the world.
Model Answer-3. What has been the role of re-emergence of infectious and parasitic diseases in changing the global mortality patterns. Discuss.
Model Answer-8. Critically examine the role of three revolutions that has determined the growth rate of population.
Model Answer-36. Can India garner the demographic dividend. Analyse.
4. DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES & POPULATION THEORIES NEW
4. Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory
Synopsis (Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory)
Chapter (Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory)
Q_22.Model Ans. Discussion- Critically analyze the concepts that form the basis of pre-modern population theories.
Model Answer-22. Critically analyze the concepts that form the basis of pre-modern population theories.
Q_26.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the Epidemiological Transition Theory of population and its applicability.
Model Answer-25 & 26. Discuss the Epidemiological Transition Theory of population and its applicability.
Q_27 & 28.Model Ans. Discussion- Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples. Or Demographic structures are being deliberately distorted to suit the political aspirations of the countries.
Model Answer-27 & 28. Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples. Or Demographic structures are being deliberately distorted to suit the political aspirations of the countries.
Q_29. Analyse the relationship between population and economic development from a theoretical perspective
5-Malthusian Theory NEW
5- Malthusian Theory
Synopsis (Malthusian Theory)
Chapter (Malthusian Theory)
Model Answer-20. Critically examine the Malthusian theory of Population. How it is different from Neo-Malthusian?
Q_24.Model Ans. Discussion- Critically analyze the Post Malthusian perspective on population.
Model Answer-24. Critically analyze the Post Malthusian perspective on population.
6. Concept of Optimum Population
Synopsis (Concept of Optimum Population)
Chapter (Concept of Optimum Population)
Model Answer-19. Concepts of over-under and optimum population are vital to understand the economic implications of demographic processes. Discuss.
7-MARXIAN THEORY OF POPULATION GROWTH NEW
7. Marxian Theory of Population
Synopsis (Marxian Theory Of Population)
Chapter (Marxian Theory of Population)
Model Answer-21. The contemporary overpopulation faced by many countries is nothing but a reflection of population resource imbalance according to Malthus but from a Marxist viewpoint, such phenomena are nothing but reifications of concrete historical, social, political and economic relations. Discuss.
8. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY NEW
8. Demographic Transition Theory
Synopsis (Demographic Transition Theory)
Chapter (Demographic Transition Theory)
Model Answer-5. Discuss the causes and consequences of Demographic Transition.
Q6.Model Ans. Discussion- Outline the key challenges, the world will face as the demographic transitions runs its course across the remainder of the century.
Model Answer-6. Outline the key challenges, the world will face as the demographic transitions runs its course across the remainder of the century.
Q_07.Model Ans. Discussion- Rather than being one demographic transition there are in reality many. Analyze the statement with separate special reference to India.
Model Answer-7. Rather than being one demographic transition there are in reality many. Analyze the statement with separate special reference to India.
Model Answer-35. India's progression through demographic transition provide a good example of the ways in which demographic processes are entwined with social, cultural, political and environmental processes . Discuss.
9-MIGRATION (NEW)
9. Migration - I (About Migration)
9. Migration - II (Consequences of Migration)
9-THEORIES OF MIGRATION (NEW)
9. Migration - III (Theories on Migration)
Synopsis (Migration)
Chapter (Migration)
Model Answer-9 & 10. Analyse the role of migration on the development of cultural landscape.
Model Answer-11. Analyse recent European migration crisis, its causes and government's response.
Q_12.Model Ans. Discussion- Critically analyze the relationship between globalization and international migration and how has it affected the present world.
Model Answer-12. Critically analyze the relationship between globalization and international migration and how has it affected the present world.
Q_13.Model Ans. Discussion- Briefly describe, how migrants assimilation into host societies takes place.
Model Answer-13. Briefly describe, how migrants assimilation into host societies takes place.
Model Answer-14. Discuss the contemporary migration pattern of India.
Model Answer-15. Write an essay on the factors that determine migrant assimilation into host societies.
Model Answer-16. What is the difference between 'refuges' and 'internally displaced persons'. Analyse the contemporary patters of such population.
Q_17.Model Answer- Explain the concept of acculturation and cultural assimilation as applicable to India with examples.
Model Answer-17. Explain the concept of acculturation and cultural assimilation as applicable to India with examples.
Q_18.Model Ans. Discussion- Migration has the potential to induce secularization as well as the break the fabric of the society.
Model Answer-18. Migration has the potential to induce secularization as well as the break the fabric of the society.
10. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION NEW
10. World Population Distribution
Synopsis (World Population Distribution)
Chapter (World Population Distribution)
10-CHINA EASTERN PART NEW
11. WORLD POPULATION PROBLEMS -POPULATION GROWTH NOT THE REAL PROBLEMS NEW
11-WORLD POPULATION PROBLEMS NEW
11. World Population Problems
Synopsis (World Population Problems)
Chapter (World Population Problems)
Model Answer-29. Analyse the relationship between population and economic development from a theoretical perspective.
Model Answer-30. The real and emerging issue now with increasing population pressure is with the environmental carrying capacity, rather than anything else.
Model Answer-31. Large population of many countries is not the problem, rather a resource. Explain this this statement with particular reference to African countries.
12. Population Policies
Synopsis (Population Policies)
Chapter (Population Policies)
Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples
13A. LANGUAGE NEW
13B. RELIGION NEW
14. Religion
14. Language and Religion
Synopsis (Language And Religion)
Chapter (Language And Religion)
Q_37.Model Ans. Discussion- How do cultures and civilizations differ. In this context identify the components of culture may go on to have.
Model Answer-38. Discuss the Conquest and Agricultural theory of Diffusion of Languages.
Model Answer-39. Examine the relationship between religion and environment thinking.
Q_40.Model Ans. Discussion- What has determined that Hinduism remains a local religion while Islam and Christianity are Universal religions.
Model Answer-40. What has determined that Hinduism remains a local religion while Islam and Christianity are Universal religions.
Q_41.Model Ans. Discussion- How does the evolution and process of development of languages is related to the perceptions. Explain with suitable examples.
Model Answer-41. How does the evolution and process of development of languages is related to the perceptions. Explain with suitable examples.
Q_42.Model Ans. Discussion- Hinduism is more a way of life rather than religion. Explain the statement in light of assimilation and tolerance characteristics of Hinduism.
Model Answer-42. Hinduism is more a way of life rather than religion. Explain the statement in light of assimilation and tolerance characteristics of Hinduism.
Model Answer-43. Bring out a clear relationship between religion and women's rights issue.
Q_44.Model Ans. Discussion- India is united despite being so diverse that precludes it from becoming a nation. Comment.
Model Answer-44. India is united despite being so diverse that precludes it from becoming a nation. Comment.
CULTURAL REALMS
SYNOPSIS-Major Cultural Realms
Model Answer-37. How do cultures and civilizations differ. In this context identify the components of culture may go on to have.
15. Secularisation
Synopsis (Secularisation)
Chapter (Secularisation)
Model Answer-32. Examine the relationship between Secularisation, Behavioural approach and Social well being.
Q_33.Model Ans. Discussion- Secularization is the last stage of development of a society. Analyse.
Model Answer-33. Secularization is the last stage of development of a society. Analyse.
Q_34.Model Ans. Discussion-Discuss the concept of secularization, its form and the likely impact it has on the society.
Model Answer-34. Discuss the concept of secularization, its form and the likely impact it has on the society.
16. SOCIAL CAPITAL NEW
16. Social Capital
Synopsis (Social Capital)
Chapter (Social Capital)
Q_45.Model Ans. Discussion- Despite the fact that Social Capital can be a real resource there are a good chance that it can turn into a disadvantage waiting for an abuse. Explained.
Model Answer-45. Despite the fact that Social Capital can be a real resource there are a good chance that it can turn into a disadvantage waiting for an abuse. Explained.
Q_46.Model Ans. Discussion- Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of Economic Development. Give your argument in favour and against of it.
Model Answer-46. Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of Economic Development. Give your argument in favour and against of it.
17. Synopsis (Social Well Being)
17. Chapter (Social Well Being)
Model Answer-47. The incidence of illness is as much reflective of the social well being of the people as much of the state of economy as well as societal attitudes and norms. Analyse the statement with respect to various social malaise the society suffers.
Q_48.Model Ans. Discussion- The balance of perception is the best indication of among all social well-being indicators of the people of the country. Comment.
Model Answer-48. The balance of perception is the best indication of among all social well-being indicators of the people of the country. Comment.
Test Paper - Population Geography
Population and Culture: Question and Answer Analysis
POPULATION & CULTURE PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS for 2023
2. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
1. WORLD ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT NEW
1. World Economic Growth And Economic Development Part - I
1. World Economic Growth And Economic Development Part - II
Synopsis (Economic Growth and Economic Development)
Chapter (Economic Growth and Economic Development)
Model Answer-1. Differentiate between the concept of Growth and Development.
Model Answer-2. Discuss the method of evolving Human Development Indicators/Index (HDI).
Q3-Economic growth inevitably leads to environmentaldegradation, but not economic development
Model Answer-3. Economic growth inevitably leads to environmental degradation, but not economic development.
Q4-Discuss the significance of Genuine Progress indicator (GPI) or Index of Sustainable
Model Answer-4. Discuss the significance of Genuine Progress indicator (GPI) or Index of Sustainable.
Model Answer-5. GDP as a measure of development is a flawed concept and its calculation has done more harm than good to the world as a concept.
Discuss the relevance of Genuine Progressive Index in India as an effective sustainable means of economic development
Q9-Prepare a sustainable development model for an African economy
Model Answer-9. Prepare a sustainable development model for an African economy.
Q10-Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of economic development
Model Answer-10. Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of economic development.
Q11-The pattern of development in the world shows strange coincidences with geopolitics.Do you agree
Model Answer-11. The pattern of development in the world shows strange coincidences with geopolitics. Do you agree?
2. LIMITS TO GROWTH NEW
2. Limit to Growth
Synopsis (Limits to Growth)
Chapter (Limits to Growth)
Q12-Discuss the applicability of the concept of Limits to growth
Model Answer-12. Discuss the applicability of the concept. of Limits to Growth.
Model Answer-13. Although Limits to growth was a theoretical presentation of the extent of growth, it gives a subtle message on environment.
3. Water Resources NEW
3. Water Resources
Synopsis (Water Resources)
Chapter (Water Resources)
Q20-Discuss the significamce of Water Governance as a means of water resource management
Model Answer-20. Discuss the significance of Water Governance as a means of water resource management?
Model Answer-21. Throughput method of water management is much better than Input method.
Q22-Use of local wisdom in water resource management is much more sustainable than structural based Engineering Approch. Comment
Model Answer-22. Use of local wisdom in water resource management is much more sustainable than structural based Engineering Approach.
4. Chapter (Forest Resources)
5. Chapter (Biotic Resources)
6. Mineral Resources
Synopsis (Mineral Resources)
Chapter (Mineral Resources)
7. Energy Resources
Synopsis (Energy Resources)
Chapter (Energy Resources & Energy Crisis)
Model Answer-14. Despite nuclear energy offering many possibilities including locational advantages, what are its world prospects of development.
Model Answer-15. Present a brief analytical account of Sustainable Energy Resources for marking.
Model Answer-16 & 17. What are the factors that determine the decisions of countries to use various energy resources?
ENERGY RESOURCES
8. ENERGY CRISIS NEW
8A. IS THERE ANYTHING LIKE GREEN ENERGY ENRICHMENT
8. Energy Crisis
Synopsis (Energy Crisis)
Q18-Nuclear fusion has the potential to solve the energy crisis forever but not the environmental crisis. Comment
Model Answer-18. Nuclear fusion has the potential to solve the energy crisis forever but not the environmental crisis.
Synopsis (Marine Resources)
Chapter (Marine Resources)
9. WORLD AGRICULTURE TYPES -1 NEW
9. WORLD AGRICULTURE TYPES-2 NEW
9. Agricultural Typology/Regions
Synopsis (Agricultural Typology/Regions)
Chapter (World Agriculture- Typology of Agricultural Regions)
Model Answer-23. Give a brief account of Dairy farming in Denmark and comparison with Denmark.
10. FOOD SECURITY NEW
10. Food Security
Synopsis (Food Security)
Chapter (Food Security)
Model Answer-24. Discuss the efficacy of methods & programmes adopted for improving food supply in developing countries?
11. Famine NEW
Chapter (Famine)
12. WORLD INDUSTRIAL REGIONS NEW
12. World Industrial Region Part - I
12. World Industrial Region Part - II
Synopsis (World Industrial Region)
Chapter (World Industrial Region)
Q25-What were the advantages with New England region that it lost in due course of time, and why did it lost Analyse with its.concomitant impact
Model Answer-25. What were the advantages with New England region that it lost in due course of time, and why did it lost? Analyse with its concomitant impact.
13. WORLD INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS NEW
Chapter (World Industrial Problems)
Q34-Despite some of the best locational advantage industries have, they still do not flourish. What can be the possible set of factors that detract the industries from their set locations Explain with global examples
Model Answer-34. Despite some of the best locational advantage industries have, they still do not flourish. What can be the possible set of factors that detract the industries from their set locations?
14. Chapter (World Trade Pattern)
15. GLOBALIZATION NEW
Chapter (Globalization)
Model Answer-6 & 7. Differentiate between globalisation and glocalisation and the relative suitability of the terms to world economic management.
Model Answer-8. Critically analyse as to how globalisation can be a separate beneficial model a developing economy especially India.
Agricultural Productivity
Test Paper - Economic Geography
Economic & Models Theories Question and Answer Analysis
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PYQ TILL 2022 &NEW QS FOR 2023
Model Answer-26. Critically examine the concept of Growth centres and growth pole.
Model Answer-27. Give A Critical Assessment Of Central-Place Theory.
Model Answer-28. Bring out the Difference between Christaller's & Losch's Idea.
Q29-Describe how the characteristics of system explainthe application of the concept into Geography
Model Answer-29. Describe how the characteristics of system explain the application of the concept into Geography.
Q30-Critically describe the applicability of DemographicTransition Theory to developing countries
Model Answer-30. Critically describe the applicability of Demographic Transition Theory to developing countries.
Model Answer-31. The demographic transition model is no more than a broad generalisation. Explain.
Model Answer-32. Demographic Transition model does not have a universal application because of every country oven experience, outside intervention, cultural differences & role of women.
Q33-To what extent Myrdal's concept of cumulative causation explains growth phenomena and its interrelationship
Model Answer-33. To what extent Myrdal's concept of cumulative causation explains growth phenomena and its interrelationship.
Q35-Present a classification of Industrial Location Theories taking The Economic Man Approach and the Least Cost Approach and briefly describe them
Model Answer-35. Present a classification of Industrial Location Theories taking the Economic Man Approach and the Least Cost Approach and briefly describe them.
Model Answer-36. Critical appraisal of the least Cost and Market Area approach to Industrial Location Theory.
Model Answer-37. Briefly discuss the structural approach and Radical and welfare approach to Industrial Location Theory.
Model Answer-38. Critically explain the reasons to support your approach to choice of Industrial location Theory/theories..
Q39-Express your viewpoints on the choice of Behavioural approach as an improvement over Least Coast and Market Area as an explanation of Industrial location
Model Answer-39. Express your view points on the choice of Behavioural approach as an improvement over Least Coast and Market Area as an explanation of Industrial location.
Q40-NOIDA and Gurgaon have more than 85 screens, more than Delhi its parent city. This phenomena is explained by least Cast Approach or by Market Area Approach. Explain with reasons
Model Answer-40. Noida and Gurgaon have more than 85 screens, more than Delhi its parent city. This phenomena is explained by Least Cast Approach or by Market Area Approach. Explain with reasons.
Model Answer-41. The encirclement policy of USA has roots in the Heartland Theory and its modification by Spykman. Give a contemporary analysis.
Model Answer-42. How Spykman has been an improvement over Mckinder. Is it still applicable?
6. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PYQTILL 2022 &NEW QS FOR 2023
3. SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY
Introductions (CLASS LECTURE)
1. BASICS OF RURAL SETTLEEMENT NEW
Chapter (Rural Settlement Types And Patterns)
BASICS OF SETTLEMENT-Rural and Urban
Model Answer-3. Discuss the basis and characteristic of Dispersed settlements in the Northeast India.
Q_04.Model Ans. Discussion- It is very difficult for linear patterns to evolve and sustain in linear form now. Discuss.
Model Answer-4. It is very difficult for linear patterns to evolve and sustain in linear form now. Discuss.
2.&3. URBAN SETTLEMENTS INTRODUCTION & BASICS NEW
Rural And Urban Settlement Types And Patterns
Synopsis (Basics of Settlement -Rural and Urban)
3. Concept Of Cities And Urban Area & Census Concept Of Urban Area & Functional Classification Of Towns
Synopsis (Concept of Cities and Urban Area)
03-CHAPTER CONCEPT OF CITIES
Model Answer-45. Cities are the harbingers of growth. As the cities have grown they have brought about myriad problems. In this light discuss the components of sustainable town planning in India?
3A. CENSUS CONCEPT OF URBAN AREA (NEW)
3A. CENSUS CONCEPT OF URBAN AREA PPT
Synopsis (Census Concept of Urban Area)
4 - CITY CLASSIFICATION
Synopsis (Functional Classification of Towns)
Model Answer-40 & 41. Functional classification of towns is an essential feature of larger form of urban planning.
Q41-Functional classification of towns is an essential feature of larger form of urban planning
Model Answer-17. Discuss Michael Pacione scheme of functional classification of cities.
5-CITY CLASSIFICATION-INDIAN
6. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES NEW
6. The Internal Structure of Cities
Synopsis (The Internal Structure of Cities)
06-CHAPTER INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES
Model Answer-9. Discuss the distinctiveness of American city centre and its causes.
Model Answer-10. Critically examine the applicability of the various theories of Urban morphology and examine its cross cultural comparisons.
Q11-The Central part of Cities of different countries differ from each other guided by cultural factors rather than any economic concern
Model Answer-11. The Central part of Cities of different countries differ from each other guided by cultural factors rather than any economic concern.
Model Answer-12. The city structure differs from country to country based on its culture and history. Explain.
Q13-The changing city structure of India is reflective of its socioeconomic changes. Analyse !
Model Answer-13. The changing city structure of India is reflective of its socio-economic changes. Analyse.
Model Answer-14. Of late it has been observed that the City centre and CBD has declined. What is the reason behind the growing insignificance of CBD.
07-CHAPTER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
8. MORPHOLOGY OF INDIAN CITIES NEW
8. Morphology of Indian Cities
Synopsis (Morphology of Indian Cities)
CHAPTER MORPHOLOGY_OF_INDIAN_CITIES_
Q15-Residential segregation has been a feature of Indian cities even in the past. What has been the main reason behind the emergence of new form and reason of residential segregation
Model Answer-15. Residential segregation has been a feature of Indian cities even in the past. What has been the main reason behind the emergence of new form and reason of residential segregation?
8A. Decline of the city centre in India
8A-Decline of the city centre in India
9. URBAN SPHERES OF INFLUENCE NEW
9. Urban Spheres of Influence
Synopsis (Urban Spheres of Influence)
CHAPTER URBAN SPHERE_OF_INFLUENCE
Q23-24_25-The methods of determination of Spheres of Influence havebecome more observational rather than quantitative. Argue !
Model Answer-23, 24 & 25. The methods of determination of Spheres of Influence have become more observational rather than quantitative. Argue
Model Answer-26. It is difficult to determine the sphere of influence of a city, while it is practical to determine the sphere of influence of a particular function. Elaborate your answer.
10. RURAL URBAN FRINGE NEW
10. Rural-Urban Fringe
Synopsis (Rural-Urban Fringe)
CHAPTER RURAL_URBAN_FRINGE
Model Answer-19. What factors have allowed the Rural- Urban Fringe in India to evolve? To what extent is it beneficial or detrimental for the urban setting.
11. URBAN SPRAWL (NEW)
11. Urban Sprawl
Synopsis (Urban Sprawl)
CHAPTER URBAN_SPRAWL
Q31-Discuss Urban Renewal as a global urban trend in its capacity to transform urban areas
Model Answer 31-Sprawls are reflective of the economic and technological changes
Model Answer-27. Critically examine the growth, character and impact of Urban sprawl.
12. Conurbation/ Megalopolis
Synopsis (Conurbation/ Megalopolis)
CHAPTER CONURBATION & MEGALOPOLIS
11. Discuss the nature of megalopolis in India NEW
11_.Discuss the nature of megalopolis in India
Model Answer-18. Discuss different types of conurbations and their type.
12. HIERARCHY OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS (NEW)
12. Hierarchy of Urban Settlements
Synopsis (Hierarchy of Urban Settlements)
CHAPTER HIERARCHY_OF_URBAN_SETTLEMENTS
Q5-What are the different interpretations of hierarchy of settlements Analyze yourview points on them
Model Answer-5. What are the different interpretations of hierarchy of settlements? Analyze your viewpoint on them.
Model Answer-6. What determines the Hierarchy of settlements? How is that hierarchy manifests itself in the form of Settlement spectrum.
14. Primate City (NEW)
14. Primate City
Synopsis (Primate City)
14-CHAPTER PRIMATE CITY DISTRIBUTION
Q7-Q8-Primacy and regional primacy had a different reason for its evolution, but they are indicators of economic structure and growth now
Model Answer-7 & 8. In the present globalised world, as well as the world that seeks identity, it is multiple primacy that forms the main pattern reflecting underlying growth.
15. RANK SIZE RULE NEW
15. Rank Size Rule
Synopsis (Rank Size Rule)
CHAPTER RANK SIZE RULE
16. Central Place Theory New
Central Places Theory
CHAPTER CENTRAL PLACE THEORY
17. URBAN GROWTH IN INDIA NEW
17. Urban Growth And Development In India
Synopsis (Urban Growth In India)
CHAPTER URBAN GROWTH IN INDIA
Chapter Consequences of Urban Growth
Q35-Analyse the problems of Indian cities from a perspective of resource constraint as a major problem. What do you think can be suggested to make the cities as self reliant as possible
Model Answer-35. Problems of Indian cities from a perspective of resource constraint as a major problem. What do you think can be suggested to make the cities as self reliant as possible?
18-Urban Development in 20th century NEW
18. Urban Growth-20th Century & The British Contribution
Synopsis (20th Century & The British Contribution)
18-URBANISATION TRENDS IN INDIA
Model Answer-16. The 21st century Indian cities show a tendency towards cities becoming polynodal. Analyse the milieu under which it takes place along with reasons.
Model Answer-29. The most important imprint of Indian cities has been the Colonial impact on the Indian city growth. What were these impacts and to what extent did they change Indian cities.
19- Urban Growth_ Post Independence Era NEW
Synopsis (Urban Growth In The Post-Independence Era)
19-URBAN GROWTH IN INDIA
20- Urban Growth in Post Liberalisation NEW
20. Urban Growth In The Post-Liberalisation Era
Synopsis (Urban Growth In The Post-Liberalisation Era)
Model Answer-30. Discuss the main features of urban growth in the Post-Liberalisation Era.
Q28-While the cities in India have grown, but there has been Growing Intra Urban Service Mismatch. Describe these mismatches, their form and their reasons with examples
Model Answer-28. While the cities in India have grown, but there has been Growing Intra Urban Service Mismatch. Describe these mismatches, their form and their reasons with examples.
Q43-What were the factors that led to evolution of Economically Dynamic Urban Corridors and Clusters of Cities
21. URBANISATION AS A GEOGRAPHICAL PROCESS NEW
21. Urbanisation
Synopsis (Urbanisation)
CHAPTER WORLD URBANISATION TRENDS
CHAPTER URBANISATION TRENDS IN INDIA
Model Answer-31. Discuss Urban Renewal as a global urban trend in its capacity to transform urban areas.
Model Answer-32. Discuss the concept of sub urbanisation as a process, its reasons and its form.
Q36-In the final analysis, it is the sheer administrative mismanagement of our cities, which is responsible for the total mess in which we find ourselves
Model Answer-36. It is the sheer administrative mismanagement of our cities, which is responsible for the total mess in which we find ourselves. How this urban mismanagement is a problem and how do you think urban governance can resolve this issue.
Q46-Capitalism, industrialisation and 'urbanisation are all inextricably interlinked. Discuss!
Model Answer-46. Capitalism, industrialisation and urbanisation are all inextricably interlinked. Discuss.
22A-PROBLEMS OF URBAN GROWTH
22B-INDIAN URBAN PROBLEMS AND POLICIES
Model Answer-34. To what extent do you think that rural urban migration has accentuated city problems in India?
Model Answer-1. Give an account of the food processing Storage, and Transport and its impact on environment in India.
23. SLUMS NEW
23. Slums
23A-Why slum relocation schemes are not effective
Synopsis (Slums)
CHAPTER INDIAN SLUMS
Model Answer-20. What causes the growth of slums, and what can be its remedial measures of the problem of slum growth?
Q21-Discuss the origin of slums as a transitional process and being at an advanced stage of urban expansion and assimilation following invasion and succession
Model Answer-21. Discuss the origin of slums as a transitional process and being at an advanced stage of urban expansion and assimilation following invasion and succession.
Model Answer-22. What has been our basic flaw in our policy on slum growth control and management?
23A-Why slum relocation schemes are not effective?
24-TOWN PLANNING-SATELLITE TOWNS NEW
24. Satellite Towns
Synopsis (Town Planning: Satellite Towns)
24-SATELLITE TOWNS
Model Ans. Discussion-37. Despite its disadvantages the features of satellite towns have helped it to grow. Explain in reference to India.
Model Answer-43. What were the factors that led to evolution of Economically Dynamic Urban Corridors and Clusters of Cities.
Model Answer-37. Despite its disadvantages the features of satellite towns have helped it to grow. Explain in reference to India.
25. Chapter (Town Planning: National Capital Region)
29_Green Belts do not always play a positive role for cities
29-Green Belts do not always play a positive role for cities NEW
25B-Town Planning INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER DECENTRALIZATION TO DECONGEST CITIES
Q42-Mass Rapid Transportation System has been a new form of intra urban planning. What impact MRTS had on city planning and what is the likelihood of its impact
Model Answer-42. Mass Rapid Transportation System has been a new form of intra urban planning. What impact MRTS had on city planning and what is the likelihood of its impact.
26. Sustainable Urban Development NEW
26. Sustainable Town Planning
26. Sustainable Urban Development
26A. Issues that constitutes sustainable development
Synopsis (Sustainable Urban Development)
26-SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Q38-Discuss how Sustainable Urban Development can be achieved
Model Answer-38. Discuss how Sustainable Urban Development can be achieved.
Q39-Discuss the various forms that Urban Growth required for a Sustainable Town Planning
Model Answer-39. Discuss the various forms that Urban Growth required for a Sustainable Town Planning.
Model Answer - Social Justice will actually help solve major world’s urban problem and make it sustainable
27. Smart Cities
Synopsis (Smart Cities)-
Model Answer-33. Critically examine the concept of Edge City. How will they be helpful for cities.
Model Answer-44. What have been the challenges in the development of smart cities. To what extent have they been mitigated?
Model Answer-2. How is it that animals can harm the health of humans to a large extent? Explain it taking examples.
Practice Test - Settlement Geography
Settlement Geography Question & Answer Analysis
SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023
4. MODELS, THEORIES AND LAWS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS MODELS AND THEORIES
1 - Systems Analysis
1 - SYSTEMS ANALYSIS NEW
Synopsis (Systems Analysis)
CHAPTER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
2 - AGRICULTURAL LOCATION THEORY: VON THUNEN’S THEORY NEW
2- Agricultural Location Theories: Von Thunen's Theory
Synopsis (Von Thunen's Theory)
Chapter (Von Thunen's Theory)
3 - Industrial Location Theories- Webers Theory
3 - INDUSTRIAL LOCATION THEORY: Weber’s Theory
Synopsis (Webers Theory)
Chapter (Industrial Location Theories- Weber's Theory)
4 - Central Place Theory Christaller- New
4 - Central Place Theory (Christaller)
4A- Losch Theory of Central Places
Synopsis (Central Places Theory Christaller & Losch)
Chapter(Central Place Theory)
5 - Rostow’s Development Model NEW
5 - Rostow's Development Model
Synopsis (Rostow's Development Model)
Chapter (Rostow's Development Model)
6 - MYRDALS CUMULATIVE CAUSATION
7 - Growth Center & Growth Poles NEW
7 - Growth Centre, Perroux and Boudeville
10-GROWTH CENTRE MODEL SM KS
8 - MCKINDER_S HEARTLAND THEORY NEW
8 - Mackinder's Heartland Theory and Spykman's Rimland Theory
Synopsis (Mackinder's Heartland Theory)
Chapter (Mckinder's Heartland Theory)
9 - Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers
Synopsis (Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers)
Chapter (Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers)
4.9a- Malthusian Theory
4.10a- Concept of Optimum Population
OPTIMUM POPULATION
4.11a- Marxian Theory Of Population
4.12a- Demographic Transition Theory
Test Paper - Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography
MODELS , THEORIES PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QUESTIONS FOR 2023
5. PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHY
1 - Perspective in Geography
Synopsis (What is Geography)
Chapter (What is Geography)
3 & 4 - INDIAN AND ARAB GEOGRAPHER
Synopsis (Indian Geographers)
5 - Greek and Roman Geographer
6 - Age of Exploration and Discoveries
Synopsis (Age of Exploration and Discoveries)
7 - Inventions of the Renaissance Period
Synopsis (Inventions of the Renaissance Period)
8 - Geography in 18th Century
Synopsis (Geography in the 18th Century)
9 - Thought 19th Century
Synopsis (Geography in the 19th Century)
10 - Determinism and Possibilism
Synopsis (Determinism and Possibilism)
11 - Environmentalism
Synopsis (Environmentalism)
5.8c- Chapter (Environmentalism)
5.9a- Regional Concept
5.9b- Synopsis (Regional Concept)
5.9c- Chapter (Regional Concept)
5.10a- Areal Differentiation
5.10b- Synopsis (Areal Differentiation)
5.10c- Chapter (Areal Differentiation)
5.11a- Quantitative Revolution
5.11b- Synopsis (Quantitative Revolution)
5.11c- Chapter (Quantitative Revolution)
5.12a- Behavioural Revolution
5.12b- Synopsis (Behavioural Revolution)
5.12c- Chapter (Behavioural Revolution)
5.13a- Radical, Human and Welfare Approaches
5.13b- Synopsis (Radical, Human and Welfare approaches)
5.13c- Chapter (Radical, Human and Welfare approaches)
5.14a- Recent Trends in Geography
5.14b- Synopsis (Recent Trends)
5.15a- Languages, Religions, Secularization
5.16a- Synopsis (Major Cultural Realms)
Test Paper - Perspective in Human Geography
Previous Year Question Bank- Perspectives in Human Geography
Perspectives in Human Geography Question & Answer Analysis
Model Answer-1. Despite the fact that Indian Geographers contribution has been seminal it is not very well recognised in the world. Describe the contributions and the reasons that may have prevented the works from being recognized.
Model Answer-2. When the whole world was suffering from the Dark Ages, India was a major Knowledge Super Power. Explain.
Model Answer-3. Examine the context under which Arabian geographers gave their contribution, Why are these contributions significant?
Model Answer-4. What is Kant-Hettener-Hartshome tradition in Geography and how did it impacted Geography.
Model Answer-5. Discuss the role of Darwinism in fostering the philosophy of determinism in geography.
Model Answer-6 & 7. Critically describe the evolution of Environmental determinism. Add a note on its revival and its reasons.
Model Answer-8. The classical Environmental determinism witnessed a Decline but the concept on Man Environment relationship manifested itself in other paradigms which further shaped Geography as an Integrated Science. Explain.
Model Answer-9 &10. Although Humboldt & Ritter both of them were from the school of environmentalism both differed drastically from one another in many respects. What were these differences and how were they significant.
Model Answer-11. Discuss the contribution of American school to Possibilism.
Model Answer-12. Despite Regional concept being at the heart of concepts in Geography, it decline after 50’s, Discuss the factors for Decline of Regional Geography and the directions it took thereafter.
Model Answer-13. The concept of region as an identity of Geography has remained unchanged despite many shifts in principle and themes of geography.
Model Answer-14. The boundaries of the regions are more perceived than are actually quantified. Discuss the concept in the light of its characteristics.
Model Answer-15 & 16. Critically examine the changing perspective on the concept of areal differentiation.
Model Answer-17 & 18. Elaborate the concept of exceptionalism. Discuss in this light the impact of exceptionalism in Geography has on the discipline.
Model Answer-19. Despite all the limitations of quantitative approach, it had still impacted the subject comprehensively.
Model Answer-20. Briefly describe how Innovations diffuse. Describe the various Barriers to diffusion.
Model Answer-21. On Monte Carlo Simulation and diffusion of Innovations was a major symbol and fusion of Quantitative approach and Behavioural Geography. Exemplify.
Model Answer-22. What is diffusion of Innovations. Discuss its different types.
Model Answer-23. Locational analysis focusses on spatial arrangements and on the role of distance as a variable influencing the nature of those arrangements. Explain.
Model Answer-24. What has been the framework of Locational Analysis and Spatial Analysis. How did it impacted the discipline?
Model Answer-25. Critically examine the concept of positivism and logical positivism.
Model Answer-26. Discuss the concept, objectives, and salient features of behavioural approach in geography.
Model Answer-27. Analyse the development of behavioural approach in human geography.
Model Answer-28. Discuss the concept of Gestaltist School in Psychology and its relationship with behavioural Geography.
Model Answer-29. Distinguish between behaviourism and behaviouralism in its concept and characteristics.
Model Answer-30. Discuss the concept of Behavioural Revolution, and briefly describe its development.
Model Answer-31. Discuss the context of development of Behaviouralism in geography.
Model Answer-32. The study of "who gets what, where, and how" provides a welfare focus for human geography. Discuss.
Model Answer-33 & 34. Explain the critique provided by Humanistic approach in human geography.
Model Answer-35. Highlight the philosophies that make up the study of humanism in geography.
Model Answer-36. Highlight the methodologies in use for study of humanism in geography.
Model Answer-37. Write short notes on the following-Structuralism, Realism, Marxist Geography, Post-modernism.
Model Answer-38. Explain the concept of feminist Geography and its role and relationship with Socialist, Capitalist economy.
Model Answer-39. Radical approaches have lacked a consensus definition and coherence. Elaborate.
Model Answer-40. The study of "who gets what, where, and how" provides a welfare focus for human geography. Discuss.
Model Answer-41. Briefly describe various dualism and Dichotomies in Geography that frames the characteristics of Geography as a discipline.
PERSPECTIVES IN GEOGRPAHY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023
6. GEOMORPHOLOGY
SYLLABUS GEOMORPHOLOGY
0-BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Factors Controlling Landform Development
1A. Factors Controlling Landform Development (Class Lecture )
1. Synopsis (Factors Controlling Landform Development)
1. CHAPTER - FACTORS CONTROLLING LANDFORM DEVELOPMENT
2. Physical Conditions of the Earth's Interior
2A. Earth's Interior (Class Lecture)
2. Synopsis (Interior of the Earth)
2. CHAPTER-INTERIOR OF THE EARTH
3. GEOMAGNETISM NEW
3A. Geomagnetism narration
3B. Geomagnetism BOARD
3. SYNOPSIS-GEOMAGNETISM
3. CHAPTER-GEOMAGNETISM.doc
3C. Palaeomaganetism (Class Lecture )
3. Q & A Causes of geomagnetism and impact of polarity reversal
4 CONTINENTAL CRUST NEW
4A. CONTINENTAL CRUST NEW
4B. CRUST & WORLD PHYSIOGRAPHY NEW
4C. CRUST
4. Synopsis (Crust)
4. CHAPTER - THE CRUST
4. Q & A Explain the nature of shields and cratons with particularreference to India
4. Q & A Explain the nature of shields and cratons with particular reference to India
4. Q & A What are the differences between Cratons, Shields and platforms. Explain it taking example from India
4. Q & A What are the differences between Cratons, Shields and Platforms. Explain it taking example from India
5-Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor
5A. OCEAN BOTTOM RELIEF NEW
5B. Ocean Bottom Relief
5. SYNOPSIS
5. CHAPTER - OCEAN BOTTOM RELIEF
6. Endogenetic Forces
6A. Endogenic Movement (Class Lecture)
6. Synopsis (Endogenetic Movement)
6. Chapter (Endogenetic Forces)
7. Isostasy
7A. Isostasy (Class Lecture)
7. Synopsis (Isostasy)
7. CHAPTER - ISOSTASY
8. CONTINENTAL DRIFT NEW
8A. Continental Drift
8B. Continental Drift (Class Lecture)
8. Synopsis (Continental Drift)
8. CHAPTER CONTINENTAL DRIFT.doc
9A. PLATE TECTONICS BASICS NEW
9B. Plate Techtonics on board Part- I NEW
9B. Plate Techtonics on board Part- II NEW
9C. Plate Tectonics Presentation NEW
9D. Plate Tectonics Part -1
9D. Plate Tectonics Part-2
9E. Plate Tectonics -1 (Class Lecture)
9E. Plate Tectonics- 2 (Class Lecture)
9. Synopsis (Plate Tectonics)
9. CHAPTER PLATE TECTONICS-I
9. CHAPTER PLATE TECTONICS-II.doc
9. Q & A Despite all the limitations of Plate Tectonics, it is still the most unifying concept of Earth Science, able to explain almost every feature of the Earth's surface.
9. Q & A Despite all the limitations of Plate Tectonics, it is still the most unifying concept of Earth Science, able to explain almost every feature of the Earth’s surface
9. Q & A Discuss the concept of continental drift and briefly trace the developments that from here led to evolution ofthe concept of Plate Tectonics
9. Q & A-Give an account of the bottom topography of oceans and comment on the permanency of the ocean basins
9-Q & A Discuss the concept and alternative mechanisms of sea floor spreading
9-Q & A Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates
9. Q & A Discuss the concept of continental drift and briefly trace the developments that from here led to evolution of the concept of Plate Tectonics
9. Q & A Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates
9. Q & A Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates
9. Q & A--What are aulacogens, and how do they form
9. Q & A What are aulacogens, and how do they form
9A. ORIGIN EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTS AND OCEANS NEW
9A. Synopsis ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF CRUST
9A. Q & A Discuss the supercontinent cycle, its causes and the future of the world
9A. Q & A Discuss, the Supercontinent Cycle, its causes and the future of the world
10. Geosynclines
10A. Geosynclines (Class Lecture )
10. Synopsis (Geosynclines)
10. CHAPTER-GEOSYNCLINES & OROGENY.doc
10. Q & A Briefly, discuss the concept of geosynclines, and its recent modifications
10. Recent Views on Mountain Building
10. Q & A What are Irian Jaya and Cyprus models of mountain building Discuss its mechanism
10. Q & A What are Irian Jaya and Cyprus models of mountain building Discuss its mechanism
11. VOLCANISM BASICS NEW
11A. Volcanism- BOARD
11B. Volcanism Narration Part-1
11C. Volcanism Part Narration-2
11D. Volcanism Part Narration-3
11E. Volcanism, Earth's Interior, Economic Geology (Class Lecture)
11. Synopsis (Volcanism)
11. CHAPTER VOLCANISM
11. Q & A Briefly, discuss the impact of volcanic eruptions. Are these effects negative?
11. Q & A Briefly, discuss the impact of volcanic eruptions. Are these effects negative?
11. Q & A Discuss the likely Impact of volcanic activity on aviation
12. EARTHQUAKES NEW
12A. Earthquake & Tsunami (Class Lecture)
12B. Earthquakes
12. Synopsis (Earthquakes)
12. CHAPTER EARTHQUAKES.doc
13. TSUNAMI NEW
13A. Tsunami on BOARD
13B. Tsunami Narration
13. Synopsis (Tsunami)
13. CHAPTER TSUNAMI.doc
14. DENUDATION NEW
14A. Denudation
14B. Denudation (Class Lecture)
14. Synopsis (Exogenous forces: Denudation)
14. CHAPTER DENUDATION-EXOGENETIC MOVEMENTS.doc
14. Q & A Explain the mechanism of mass movements, and differentiate between mud flow, solifluction and earthflow
15. FLUVIAL LANDFORMS NEW
15A-WORLD LANDFORMS Fluvial
15B. Fluvial Landforms
15. Synopsis (Surface Water and Processes)
15. CHAPTER FLUVIAL LANDFORMS
15. Q & A Describe floodplains, and the associated features
15. Q & A Describe floodplains, and the associated features
16. Channel Morphology
16A. Channel Morphology BOARD
16B. Channel Morphology
16C. Channel Morphology (Class Lecture)
16. Synopsis (Channel Morphology)
16. CHAPTER CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY
16. Q & A Channel Morphology
16. Q & A Explain the concept of Channel morphology and its typological characteristics
16. Q & A Explain with examples as to how channel dynamics has been responsible for the development of alluvial fans and cones
16. Q & A Describe various types of river channels and their form copy
17. Geohydrology
17A. Geohydrology BOARD
17. Synopsis (Geohydrology)
17. CHAPTER GEOHYDROLOGY.doc
17. Q & A Why is mapping important for geohydrological Investigations
17. Q & A Describe Groundwater in relation to great Artesian Basin
17. Q & A Describe various types of Aquifers and their utility
17. Q & A Discuss the reasons for the increasing significance of Geohydrology How does geohydrology improves the understanding of aquifers
17. Q & A Discuss the significance of Geohydrology
18. KARST LANDFORMS NEW
18A. Karst Landforms
18. Synopsis (Karst Landforms)
18. CHAPTER KARST LANDFORMS .doc
18-Q & A Describe Karst, and explain why karst landforms can be found only in specific regions
19. MARINE LANDFORMS NEW
19A. Marine Landforms
19. Synopsis (Marine Landforms)
19. CHAPTER MARINE LANDFORMS.doc
19. Q & A Describe the morphology and types of beaches and their significance
19. Q & A Discuss different types of Beaches and its formation
19. Q & A Discuss different types of Beaches and its formation.
19. Q & A Discuss types of beaches and its formation
20-ARID/AEOLIAN LANDFORMS
20A. Arid Topography
20. Synopsis (Arid Topography)
20. CHAPTER AEOLIAN LANDFORMS.doc
20. Q & A Discuss the Role of water in Desert regions and the topographic features formed of it
20. Q & A Identify different types of dune, illustrate them to show their formation
21. GLACIAL LANDFORMS NEW
21A. Glacial Landforms
21. Synopsis (Glacial Landforms)
21. CHAPTER GLACIAL LANDFORMS.doc
21. Q & A What are U- Shaped valley and its associated features
22. Geomorphic Cycle BOARD
22A. Geomorphic Cycle (Class Lecture)
22. Synopsis (Geomorphic Cycle)
22. CHAPTER GEOMORPHIC CYCLES.doc
22. Q & A Discuss Savana cycle of erosion
22. Q & A Discuss the concept of graded profile of a river and the factors to control it
23-CHAPTER SLOPE DEVELOPMENT.doc
23. Synopsis (Slope development)
23-Q & A Critically analyse the concept of Slope Development and the different views
23-Q & A Discuss different models of slope evolution
24. Denudation Chronology (Class Lecture)
24.Synopsis (Denudation Chronology)
24-CHAPTER DENUDATION CHRONOLOGY.doc
24-Q & A Explain the concept of denudation chronology in brief copy
25. EROSIONAL SURFACES NEW
25A. Erosion Surfaces BOARD
25B. Erosion Surface (Class Lecture)
25. Synopsis (Erosion Surface)
25-CHAPTER EROSION SURFACES .doc
25-Q & A Erosion Surfaces reflect the true history of the underlying surface and the region. Discuss
26-ECONOMIC GEOLOGY NEW
26A. Economic Geology BOARD
26B. Economic Geology (Class Lecture)
26. Synopsis (Economic Geology)
26. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY SYNOPSIS
26-CHAPTER ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.doc
26-Q & A Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources
26-Q & A What are petroleum and its type. Discuss its formation, migration and exploration
26-Q & A What are petroleum and its type. Discuss its formation migration and exploration
27. Applied Geomorphology
27A-COLLAPSE OF BRIDGES
27. Synopsis (Applied Geomorphology)
27-CHAPTER APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY.doc
27-Q & A Discuss the role of Geomorphology in Bridge Construction and tunnel construction
27-Q & A Discuss the role of Geomorphology in Bridge Construction and tunnel construction
27-Q & A Critically examine the Impact of sand mining on terrain and landscape
27-Q & A Discuss the application of geomorphology in various fields giving examples
27-Q & A Discuss the pros and cons of 'systems approach' in geomorphology
27-Q & A Geomorphology finds itself applied in almost every day to day activity and phenomena. Explain
27-Q & A Geomorphology finds itself applied in almost every day to day activity and phenomena. Explain
27-Q & A The study of the nature of terrain would play a major part in any strategic advantage India and China want to have Elaborate
27-Q & A Trace the evaluation and development of geomorphological thought in recent times
Test Paper - Geomorphology Geography
Geomorphology Question and Answer Analysis
GEOMORPHOLOGY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023
Model Answer-1. Planning of any area requires a study of the nature of terrain, landscape and processes in operation. Discuss how geomorphology can play a role in Regional Planning.
Model Answer-7 & 8. The study of the nature of terrain would play a major part in any strategic advantage India and China want to have. Elaborate.
Model Answer-10. Research of the land is of utmost importance in military operations to know the terrain and know how the enemy can react and respond. Discuss the application of geomorphology to Military Uses
Model Answer-14. Discuss the pros and cons of 'systems approach' in geomorphology.
Q15-Causes of geomagnetism and impact of polarity reversal
Model Answer-17. Trace the evaluation and development of geomorphological thought in recent times.
Model Answer-18. Discuss the supercontinent cycle, its causes and the future of the world.
Model Answer-19. Discuss, the Supercontinent Cycle, its causes and the future of the world.
Model Answer-21. Discuss the concept and alternative mechanisms of sea floor spreading.
Model Answer-23. Although elastic rebound seems to be the primary mechanism causing earthquake the manner of it differs from place to place. Discuss.
Q_24.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the nature of Benioff Zone, What it is and how is it formed?
Model Answer-24. Explain the nature of Benioff Zone, What it is and how is it formed?
Model Answer-26. Briefly, discuss the concept of geosynclines, and its recent modifications.
Model Answer-28. Discuss the likely Impact of volcanic activity on aviation.
Model Answer-29. Briefly, discuss the concept of Tsunami, differentiate it's from storm surges and show how do they differ in its mechanism of generation?
Model Answer-30. Explain the mechanism of mass movements, and differentiate between mud flow, solifluction and earthflow.
Model Answer-32. What are U-shaped valley and its associated features.
Model Answer-33. Identify different types of dune, illustrate them to show their formation.
Model Answer-34. Discuss the Role of water in Desert regions and the topographic features formed of it.
Model Answer-35. Discuss the reasons for the increasing significance of Geohydrology? How does geohydrology improves the understanding of aquifers?
Model Answer-36. Describe Karst, and explain why karst landforms can be found only in specific regions?
Model Answer-37. Describe the morphology and types of beaches and their significance?
Model Answer-39. What are U- Shaped valley and its associated features?
Model Answer-40. Discuss types of beaches and its formation.
Model Answer-41. What are the changes associated with approaching waves towards a shore.
Model Answer-42. Describe various types of river channels and their form.
Model Answer-43. Describe various types of river channels and its characteristics.
44. Channel Morphology
Model Answer-45. Explain the concept of Channel morphology and its typological characteristics?
Model Answer-46. Describe Groundwater in relation to great Artesian Basin.
Model Answer-47. Discuss the significance of Geohydrology.
Model Answer-48. Describe various types of Aquifers and their utility.
GEOMORPHOLOGY QS & ANS - 49
50. Denudation Chronology
GEOMORPHOLOGY QS & ANS - 51
Model Answer-52. Critically analyse the concept of Slope Development and the different views.
Model Answer-53. Discuss different models of slope evolution.
Model Answer-55. Explain with examples as to how channel dynamics has been responsible for the development of alluvial fans and cones.
Model Answer-56. Erosion Surfaces reflect the true history of the underlying surface and the region. Discuss
Model Answer-57. Discuss the concept of graded profile of a river and the factors to control it.
Model Answer-58. Discuss Savana cycle of erosion.
Q_59.Model Ans. Discussion-Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources.
Model Answer-59. Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources.
Model Answer-61. Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction, and processing of mineral resources.
Model Answer-60. Geology has provided a lot of benefit to mankind from economic perspective but at the cost of high environmental price. Discuss?
Model Answer-63. The study of the nature of terrain would play a major part in any strategic advantage India and China want to have Elaborate.
Model Answer-64. Geomorphology finds itself applied in almost every day to day activity and phenomena. Explain.
Model Answer-65. Discuss the application of geomorphology in various fields giving examples.
66. Structure
Model Answer-67. Critically examine the Impact of sand mining on terrain and landscape.
7. CLIMATOLOGY
SYLLABUS CLIMATOLOGY
1A. Composition of Atmosphere Class Lecture (Part-1)
1B. Composition of Atmosphere Class Lecture (Part-2)
1C. Composition of Atmosphere Class Lecture (Part-3)
28-CHAPTER COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
29-CHAPTER-STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE
29. Synopsis (Structure of Atmosphere)
29-Q & A Give an account of thermal structure of atmosphere with the changing height.Under what circumstances does the thermal structure gets disturbed
30. NATURE OF RADIATING & INSOLATION BASICS (NEW)
30A. Insolation (Class Lecture)
30B. Insolation BOARD
30C. Heat Budget of the Earth
30. Synopsis (Nature of Radiation and Insolation)
30-CHAPTER-INSOLATION AND HEAT BUDGET
30. Synopsis (Heat Budget of the Earth)
31. TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, TEMPERATURE BELTS (NEW)
31. Synopsis (Temperature)
31-CHAPTER TEMPERATURE
32. PRESSURE DIFFERENCES & PRESSURE BELTS (NEW)
32A. Pressure & Winds BOARD
32B. Pressure Belts of the World Presentation
32-SYNOPSIS PRESSURE AND PRESSURE BELTS
32-CHAPTER PRESSURE & PRESSURE BELTS
33. Atmospheric circulation BOARD
33. Synopsis (Planetary winds)
33. Synopsis (Atmospheric circulation)
33-ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
34. JET STREAM (NEW)
34A. Jet Stream BOARD
34B. Jet Stream (Class Lecture)
34. Synopsis (Jet stream)
34-CHAPTER JET STREAM
35- HUMIDITY, STABILITY, INSTABILITY (NEW)
35A. Humidity (Class Lecture)
35. Synopsis (Humidity)
35-CHAPTER ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
36. Air Stability and Instability (Class Lecture)
36. Synopsis (Atmospheric stability and instability)
36-CHAPTER AIR STABILITY & INSTABILITY
37. Precipitation Part- 1
37. Precipitation Part- 2
37A. Precipitation (Class Lecture)
37. Synopsis (Precipitation)
37-CHAPTER PRECIPITATION
37-MODEL ANSWER DISCUSSION Despite lying close to equator Somalia is a desert. Explain
38-AIR MASSES (NEW)
38A. Air Masses
38B-Air Masses Narration
38C. Air Masses (Class Lecture)
38. Synopsis (Air Masses)
38-CHAPTER AIR MASSES
39-TEMPERATE CYCLONES & FRONTOGENESIS (NEW)
39A. Temperate Cyclone
39. Synopsis (Temperate Cyclone)
39-CHAPTER FRONTS & TEMPERATE CYCLONES
40-TROPICAL CYCLONES (NEW)
40A. Tropical Cyclones
40B. Structure of tropical cyclones
40C. Temperate and Tropical Cyclones- Comparison
40- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMPERATE & TROPICAL CYCLONE (NEW)
40. Synopsis (Tropical Cyclones)
40-CHAPTER TROPICAL CYCLONES
41-CHAPTER ANTICYCLONES
42A. Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local Winds
42B. Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local Winds (Class Lecture)
42-CHAPTER TERTIARY ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
42-Synopsis (Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local winds)
42-MICROBURST (NEW)
42-CLOUD BURSTS (NEW)
42-THUNDERSTORM (NEW)
43- URBAN CLIMATE (NEW)
43A. Urban Climate (Class Lecture)
43. Synopsis (Urban Climate)
43-CHAPTER URBAN CLIMATE
44-CLIMATE CHANGE BASICS (NEW)
44A. Climatic Change Part-I
44A. Climatic Change Part-II
44B. Climatic change (Class Lecture)
44. Synopsis (Global Climatic Change)
44-CHAPTER CLIMATIC CHANGE
44-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE GLOBAL WARMING (ENRICHMENT)
44-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE GLOBAL WARMING (ENRICHMENT)
44-UNKNOWN UNNOTICEABLE CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE (ENRICHMENT)
44-UNKNOWN UNNOTICEABLE CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE (ENRICHMENT)
44- NORTH AMERICAN HEAT WAVE & DOME (NEW)
45-CHAPTER CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION
46-CHAPTER APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
46-Synopsis (Applied Climatology)
Indian Monsoons
Test Paper - Climatology
Climatology Question and Answer Analysis
Climatology Previous Year Questions bank
Q1-Give an account of thermal structure of atmosphere with the changing height.Under what circumstances does the thermal structure gets disturbed
Model Answer-1. Give an account of thermal structure of atmosphere with the changing height. Under what circumstances the thermal structure does gets disturbed?
Q2-Discuss the nature and characteristics of ionosphere. How does ionosphere reflect radio waves back
Model Answer-2. Discuss the nature and characteristics of Ionosphere. How does Ionosphere reflect radio waves back?
Model Answer-3. Give an account of the Origin of atmosphere. How has that been different from origin of the earth?
Model Answer-4. The evolution of Subtropical high and its characteristics and maintenance has been by a complex set of factors not only temperature. Analyse the set of factors for evolution as well as maintenance.
Model Answer-5. The atmospheric composition is not constant in space and time. Explain
Q6-Explain the movement of Insolation as part of energy transfer between Sun and Earth. What changes are associated with this movement.
Model Answer-6. Explain the movement of Insolation as part of energy transfer between Sun and Earth. What changes are associated with this movement.
Model Answer-7. Write a short note on Equatorial Westerlies and their impacts.
Model Answer-8. Discuss the mechanism of radiation and Heat budget. Is the earth getting progressively warmer?
Q9-How are the pressure changes associated with upper air circulation
Model Answer-9. Pressure changes are not associated with temperature as much as they are with upper air circulation. Discuss.
Q10-Discuss the shortcomings of the tricellular mechanism of atmospheric circulation How Palmen's model is an improvement over the tricellular mechanism in explaining this shortcoming
Model Answer-10, 11 & 12. The Hadley cell does not accomplish either transfer of energy nor angular momentum in the atmosphere. Explain it.
Model Answer-13. What do you understand by the concept thermal winds? Identify the major manifestation of thermal winds in the world.
Model Answer-14. Discuss the characteristics of Ferrell cell. What role it play in weather phenomena?
Q15-How does the atmosphere maintain hydrostatic equilibrium What is the significance of this hydrostatic equilibrium
Model Answer-15. How does the atmosphere maintain hydrostatic equilibrium? What is the significance of this hydrostatic equilibrium?
Model Answer-16. Analyse the different scalar levels of atmospheric circulation along with its brief description.
Q17-Discuss the evidences in favour of General Circulation of Atmosphere. What are the exceptions to GCM
Model Answer-17. Discuss the evidences in favour of General Circulation of Atmosphere. What are the exceptions to GCM.
Model Answer-18. How does the atmosphere maintain hydrostatic equilibrium? What is the significance of this hydrostatic equilibrium?
Q19-ROSSBY WAVE- Explain the mechanism of Rossby wave formation. How do Rossby Waves determine the poleward transfer of energy
Model Answer-19. Explain the mechanism of Rossby wave formation. How do Rossby Waves determine the poleward transfer of energy?
Q20-THERMAL WINDS- What do you understand by the concept thermal winds Identify the major manifestation of thermal winds in the world
Model Answer-20. What do you understand by the concept thermal winds? Identify the major manifestation of thermal winds in the world.
Model Answer-21. Discuss the index cycle of the jet streams as well as its significance, in atmospheric circulation.
Model Answer-22. Discuss how do the characteristics of different jet streams determine the weather pattern of the world.
Model Answer-23. Give an account of lightning formation and thunderstorm. How do lightning affect weather conditions?
Model Answer-24. Explain the Difference between fog, mist and dew.
Q25-EVAPORATION Discuss the concept of evaporation, and the factors on which it is dependent How does evaporation determine the weather phenomena
Model Answer-25. Discuss the concept of evaporation, and the factors on which it is dependent? How does evaporation determine the weather phenomena?
Q26-Discuss the relationship between stability and weather conditions
Model Answer-26. Discuss the relationship between stability and weather conditions.
Q27-Explain Tropical atmospheric instability and its impact.
Model Answer-27. Explain Tropical atmospheric instability and its impact.
Model Answer-28. Discuss the mechanism of atmospheric instability and the conditions that promote it.
Q29-The northern Indian plains have witnessed a series of thunderstorms and dust storms with differential severity. Explain its causes and weather impacts
Model Answer-29. The northern Indian plains have witnessed a series of thunderstorms and dust storms with differential severity. Explain its causes and weather impacts.
Model Answer-30. The atmospheric instability is the key to understand various atmospheric distributions. Elaborate.
Q31-Discuss the Ice Crystal Theory or Cloud Instability.Theory of Bergeron Fiendeson. How can cloud seeding and artificial rain be connected to it
Model Answer-31. Discuss the Ice Crystal Theory or Cloud Instability Theory of Bergeron Fiendeson. How can cloud seeding and artificial rain be connected to it.
Model Answer-32. Discuss the Simpson Mason theory on Collision-Coalescence process. To what extent is it going to be acceptable?
Model Answer-33. Explain the major techniques of cloud seeding and problems associated with it.
Model Answer-34. Despite lying close to equator, Somali Is a Desert. Explain the reasons behind such an exception.
Q_35.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain why there is so much amount of regional difference between the rains of Mid Latitude westerly regions.
Model Answer-35. Explain why there is so much amount of regional difference between the rains of Mid Latitude westerly regions.
Model Answer-36. Explain the relationship between maritime climate and Atmosphere?
Model Answer-37. There is no other factor more important for Climate and Weather than the Oceans. Comment.
Q38-39-Discuss the sequence of weather found along a temperate cyclone. The Mid latitude weather conditions are very distinctive, very changeable and very influencive. What are these, how are they caused and what characteristics affect the weather forms
Model Answer-38 & 39. Discuss the sequence of weather found along a temperate cyclone.
Model Answer-40. Make a distinction between Cyclones and Anticyclones and differentiate between the major characteristics of cold and warm anti cyclones.
Model Answer-41 & 42. Explain the role of mountains and mountains as an obstruction in generating weather phenomena particularly in tropical areas taking examples.
Model Answer-43. Explain the origin, distribution and characteristics of tornadoes.
Q44-What is the significance of UCL and UBL and how is that they define Urban climate
Model Answer-44. What is the significance of UCL and UBL and how is that they define Urban climate.
Q45-Explain the tools that can be used for the forecasting of tropical cyclones. Add a note on the mitigation measures of tropical cyclones.
Model Answer-45. Explain the tools that can be used for the forecasting of tropical cyclones. Add a note on the mitigation measures of tropical cyclones.
Q46-What preemptive steps are required for managing tropical cyclones during its occurrence as well as in aftermath
Model Answer-46. What pre emptive steps are required for managing tropical cyclones during its occurrence as well as in aftermath?
Model Answer-47. Discuss the major monsoon climates of the world.
Model Answer-48. Compare Koppen and Trewartha's classification of world climates.
Model Answer-49. Examine critically the drawbacks of Koppen's classification of climates. Explain how Thornthwaite attempted to overcome Koppen’s limitations.
Q50-Discuss the concept of climatic changes and show how the term has been used or misused in practice
Model Answer-50. Discuss the concept of climatic changes and show how the term has been used or misused in practice.
Q_51.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the origin of feedback mechanism as part of Climatic Change.
Model Answer-51. Discuss the origin of feedback mechanism as part of Climatic Change.
Model Answer-52. Discuss the concept of Global warming and its projected consequences. How has been international response to that?
Model Answer-54. The only thing constant in climate is change. Explain it with evidences and reasons.
Model Answer-55. Analyze the different scalar levels of climate change along with its causes.
Model Answer-56. Discuss the projected impact of recent climate change on the climate extremes.
Model Answer-57. What do you understand by the term 'climate forcing Discuss the probable impact of increased concentration of greenhouse gases on the heat budget of the earth.
Q58-To what extent do you think that climate change played a major role in the Kerala flood
Model Answer-58. Discuss the application Of Climatology to Human Activities.
Q60-What are the different application of climatology to aviation and transport
Model Answer-60. What are the different application of climatology to aviation and transport?
CLIMATOLOGY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023
8. OCEANOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS OCEANOGRAPHY
Bathymetry
Synopsis (Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor)
Ocean Bottom Relief BOARD
Ocean Bottom Relief
Synopsis (Ocean Bottom Topography)
Chapter (Ocean Bottom Topography)
47- HEAT BUDGET & TEMPERATURE (NEW)
47A-Temperature Distribution in Ocean
47-Synopsis (Temperature)
47- Synopsis (Heat Budget)
47-CHAPTER OCEAN TEMPERATURE
48-SALT BUDGET (NEW)
48A- Salt Budget
48B- WATER MASSES (NEW)
48- Synopsis (Salt Budget)
48C- SALINITY OF OCEANS (NEW)
48D- Salinity
48-SYNOPSIS SALINITY
48-CHAPTER SALINITY & SALT BUDGET
49-Ocean Circulation (NEW)
49A-Ocean Circulation- BOARD
49-Synopsis (Ocean Circulation)
49-CHAPTER OCEAN CIRCULATION
50-WAVES (NEW)
50A- Waves- BOARD
50- Synopsis (Waves)
50-CHAPTER WAVES
51- Tides
50- Synopsis (Tides)
51-CHAPTER TIDES
52-SEA LEVEL CHANGE (NEW)
52-SYNOPSIS SEA LEVEL CHANGE
52-CHAPTER SEA LEVEL CHANGES.doc
53- Coral Reefs BOARD
53- SYNOPSIS (Coral Reefs)
53-CHAPTER CORAL REEFS
54- Coral Bleaching BOARD
54A- CORAL BLEACHING
54-DISCUSS THE MECHANISM OF Coral Bleaching
54- Synopsis (Coral Bleaching)
54-CHAPTER CORAL BLEACHING
55- Ocean Deposits
55- Synopsis (Ocean Deposits)
55-CHAPTER OCEAN DEPOSITS
56- Synopsis (Marine Resources)
56-CHAPTER MARINE RESOURCES
57-MARINE Thermal Pollution (NEW)
57-CHAPTER MARINE POLLUTION
58- Law of the sea
58- Synopsis (Law of the Sea)
58-CHAPTER LAW OF SEA
Test paper - Oceanography
Oceanography Previous Year Question Bank
Oceanography Question and Answer Analysis
Model Answer-1. Give a reasoned account of ocean bottom topography of the Atlantic Ocean.
Q1-Give a reasoned account of ocean bottom topography of the atlantic ocean
Model Answer-2. Compare the bottom topography of Atlantic and Indian Ocean.
Q3-Discuss, with examples, how of plate tectonics explains Ocean Bottom Relief
Model Answer-3. Discuss, with examples, how of plate tectonics explains Ocean Bottom Relief.
Q4-Examine the Relationship between Ocean Bottom Relief and Maritime Geopolitics
Model Answer-4. Examine the relationship between ocean bottom relief and maritime geopolitics.
Q5- Discuss the temperature distribution in Ocean Horizontally and Vertically
Model Answer-5. Discuss the temperature distribution in Oceans, both horizontally and vertically.
Q6-What are the principle sources and sinks of elements dissolved in seawater Explain how the totals of these sources and sinks must be approximately balanced
Model Answer-6. What are the principle sources and sinks of elements dissolved in seawater? Explain how the totals of these sources and sinks must be approximately balanced.
Model Answer-7. Discuss the origin of sea water and the balance that it maintains in its composition.
Model Answer-8. Discuss the conservation of oceanic salinity? Are the oceans getting saltier?
Q9- Process of formation of cicrculatory gyres by the currents in the oceans
Model Answer-9. Discuss the process of formation of circulatory gyres by the currents in the oceans.
Q10-Discuss the concept of water masses with special reference to AABW
Model Answer-10. Discuss the concept of water masses with special reference to AABW.
Q11-Explain the mechanism of wave refraction. How do groynes and obstructions affect wave refraction
Model Answer-11. Explain the mechanism of wave refraction. How do groynes and obstructions affect wave refraction?
Q12 -What is Langmuir circulation Explain it along with its distribution
Model Answer-12. What is Langmuir circulation? Explain it along with its distribution.
Q13 - What is Thermohaline circulation, and what are the implications of its obstruction
Model Answer-13. What is Thermohaline circulation, and what are the implications of its obstruction.
Model Answer-15. What are the Changes associated with Ocean Currents as it moves from South Atlantic to Western Europe.
Model Answer-16. What is Thermohaline circulation and what will be impact when it is disrupted.
Model Answer-17. Write a short not on 'Ekman Spiral'. How does it explain western intensification?
Model Answer-18. Give a reasoned analysis of the currents of the Atlantic Ocean.
Model Answer-19. The El Nino represents one of the best interactions between oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Explain with the impact that ENSO is likely to have.
Model Answer-20. What is Westward Intensification of Currents? How does it form? Explain with examples.
Model Answer-21. What are tide generating forces and how are they responsible for the characteristics of tidal wave?
Q22-Explain wave dynamics in closed ocean basins and water bodies.
Model Answer-22. Explain wave dynamics in closed ocean basins and water bodies.
Model Answer-23. Discuss the formation of progressive waves in the oceans.
Q24-What are mechanism of formation of Rip Currents
Model Answer-24. What are mechanisms of formation of Rip Currents?
Q25-What are the changes associated with approaching waves towards a shore with a headland
Model Answer-25. What are the Changes associated with approaching waves towards a shore with a headland.
Model Answer-26. Give an account of the major marine biotic provinces.
Model Answer-27. Briefly discuss the deep-water marine ecosystem with an additional note on the uniqueness of the system.
Model Answer-28. Evaluate the subsidence theory of coral reef formation.
Model Answer-29. Compare the Subsidence Theory with Glacial Theory of coral reef formation.
Model Answer-30. Discuss the Karstic Saucer Theory of Atoll formation.
Model Answer-31. The geographical theories are speculative. Explain how corals cement themselves into reefs.
Model Answer-32. Corals reefs are the most diverse ecological systems in the sea. Explain the form and reasons behind its diversity and comment on the recent problems being faced.
Q33-Discuss the mechanism of Coral Bleaching
Model Answer-33. Discuss the mechanism of Coral Bleaching.
Model Answer-35. Analyse the distribution of organic deposits in the world oceans.
Model Answer-36. Describe the characteristics of different types of pelagic deposits.
Q_37. Model Ans. Discussion- Why do sea level changes take place? What are the likely effects of sea level changes.
Model Answer-37. Why do sea level changes take place? What are the likely effects of sea level changes.
Model Answer-38. Distinguish between isostatic and eustatic processes that cause sea level to change. How do these processes complicate efforts to measure changes in global sea level by measuring sea-level heights at various coastlines.
Model Answer-39. Discuss the role of UNCLOS in protecting the South China Sea's Marine environment. . The United Nations Convention on Law of Sea, although comprehensive in dealing with marine pollution, has left many pressing issues unanswered. Discuss.
Model Answer-40. Explain Law of the Sea and Blue water Navy as a policy mechanism.
Model Answer-41. Explain the characteristics of Exclusive Economic Zones. What are the issues surrounding EEZ.
Model Answer-42. Explain the evolution of the main provisions of low of Sea treaty and Low does it stands today.
Model Answer-43. Trace the evolution of Law of Sea.
Model Answer-44. The Law of Sea finally culminated in demarcation of Maritime zones. What are these zones and what are their characteristics.
Q45-Explain how Law of the Sea has its relationship with evolution of Blue water Navy as a policy mechanism
Model Answer-45. Explain how Law of the Sea has its relationship with evolution of Blue water Navy as a policy mechanism.
Model Answer-46. Analyse the distribution of deep sea minerals in the oceans. Also discuss the major issues involved in deep sea mining.
Model Answer-47. Discuss the form, reasons and control of oil pollution?
Model Answer-48. Discuss the extent of marine debris in the oceans. Explain the major international efforts taken in this regards.
Model Answer-49. The development of marine resources must go side by side of the present state of economic growth in order to achieve sustainable growth.
Model Answer-50. Explain the relationship between maritime climate and Atmosphere?
OCEANOGRAPHY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023
9. BIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY
SYLLABUS BIO-ENVIRONMENT GEOGRAPHY
0- Introduction (Class Lecture)
59-Ecosystem concept (New)
59-VIDEO EXPLANATION Ecosystem concept PPT
59A- Ecosystem Concept
59- Synopsis (Ecosystem Concept)
59- CHAPTER ECOSYSTEM
60-Types of ECOSYSTEMS (New)
60-Ecosystem concept PPT
60A- Ecosystem, Types of Ecosystems, Laws of Ecology (Class Lecture)
60- Synopsis (Types of Ecosystems)
60-CHAPTER TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
60B- Nature and its Perspective (Class Lecture)
60 (i)- LOCAL ECOSYSTEM
60 (i)-LOCAL ECOSYSTEM PPT
60- Chapter (Local Ecosystems)
61-LAWS OF ECOLOGY (NEW)
61-LAWS OF ECOLOGY PPT
61A- Laws of Ecology
61- Synopsis (Laws of Ecology)
61-CHAPTER LAWS OF ECOLOGY
62-SOIL Genesis (New)
62A- Soil Genesis
62- Synopsis (Soil Genesis)
60-MINI CHAPTER SOIL GENESIS
62-CHAPTER SOIL PROFILE AND ORIGIN
62- Chapter (Soil Genesis, Soil Profile, Soil Classification)
62 (i). SOIL PROFILE (New)
62-SOIL PROFILE PPT
62 (i) A- SOIL PROFILE
62 (i)- Synopsis (Soil Profile)
63- SOIL CLASSIFICATION BASIS
63-SOIL CLASSIFICATION BASIS PPT
63A-SOIL - CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL
63B- Soil Classification
63C-SOIL CLASSIFICATION- 7th APPROXIMATION (NEW)
63- Synopsis (Soil Classification)
63-CHAPTER SOIL CLASSIFICATION
63. soil capabilities PPT-ENRICHMENT
64-FLORA (PLANT) & FAUNA (ANIMAL) DISTRIBUTION (NEW)
64-Factors influencing World distribution of Fauna and Flora PPT
64A-PLANT DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD
64B- Factor affecting Animal Distribution (CLASS LECTURE)
64C- Factor affecting Animal Distribution
64- Animals Biomes (CLASS PRESENTATION)
64- Synopsis (Factor affecting Animal and Plant Distribution)
64-CHAPTER PLANT ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION
65-BIOME INTRODUCTION (NEW)
65A-BIOME INTRODUCTION EXPLANATION
65B- Biomes Part-I
65C- Biomes Part-II
65- Synopsis (Biomes)
65-CHAPTER BIOMES
65-- EQUATORIAL RAINFOREST (NEW)
65-- TROPICAL MONSOON BIOME (NEW)
65 -- Cold Temperate Continental Type -TAIGA BIOME (NEW)
65-- TEMPERATE WESTERN MARGIN (BRITISH TYPE)
65-- Warm Temperate Eastern Margin - Natural Vegetation _ Biome-China Type (NEW)
65-- STEPPE BIOME
65-- MEDITERRANEAN BIOME
65--TROPICAL DESERT BIOME
65-- TROPICAL SAVANA BIOME
65-- POLAR BIOME
66-GENE POOL
66-Gene pool PPT
66- Synopsis (Gene Pool Centres)
66-CHAPTER GENE POOL CENTRE doc
66-MODEL ANSWER Gene Pool Centres
67A-HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
67B-HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION (BOARD)
67C-HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION (DOCUMENTARY)
67D- Human Ecological Adaptations
67E- Human Ecological Adaptations (Class Lecture)
67- Synopsis (Human Ecological Adaptations)
67-CHAPTER HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION
68- HUMAN IMPACT-GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES
68-GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES PPT
68- Human Impact on Natural Environment
68B- Environmental Degradation (Class Lecture)
68-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT-ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
69- Chapter (Natural Environment)
69-OZONE DEPLETION
69-Ozone Depletion & Ozone Hole pptx
69-SYNOPSIS Ozone depletion and Ozone Hole
69-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON ATMOSPHERE
70-HUMAN IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE NEW
70- Human Impact on the Climate
70- Synopsis (Human Impact on Climate)
70-AEROSOLS
70-Aerosols PPT
70-ACID RAIN
70-Acid rain PPT
70-ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE & CLIMATE
70-GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE
70-Global cooling PPT
70-Global climatic change & human response PPT
70-Global Cooling
70-Global Warming
70- Global Warming (Class Lecture)
70-HUMAN IMPACT-UNNOTICEABLE CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
70-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING PPT
70-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE _ GLOBAL WARMING
70-CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING
70-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON CLIMATE
70-ENRICHMENT CLIMATIC CHANGE
70-ENRICHMENT TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING
71- HUMAN IMPACT ON LAND.
71-HUMAN IMPACT ON LAND PPT
71-SOIL DEGRADATION NEW
71A- Land Degradation
71B-Soil Degradation and Conservation
71- Degradation ENRICHMENT
71- Chapter (Degradation)
71- Synopsis (Land degradation)
71- Desertification
71-Dsertification PPT
71- Synopsis (Desertification)
71-Desertification in India PPT
71-Dsertification. impact management & conserve PPT
72- Human Impact on Water
72- Human Impact on Water (Class Lecture)
72- Synopsis (Human Impact on Water)
72-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON WATER
73- Human Impact on Ecosystem
73-HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM – EXTINCTION _ EXTERMINATION
73-Extinction & Extermination PPT
73- Synopsis (Human Impact on Ecosystem-- BIOMAGNIFICATION)
73-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM
73A- Global Ecological Imbalance
73A- Synopsis (Global Ecological Imbalances)
74-CHAPTER POLLUTION
74- Synopsis (Pollution)
74 -- Marine Pollution PPT
74 -- Noise Pollution PPT
74 -- POLLUTION - POLLUTANTS
74 -- Pollution - Pollutants PPT
74 -- SOIL POLLUTION
74A- Soil Salination (Class Lecture)
74B- Soil Laterization (Class Lecture)
74 --Thermal Pollution
74 -- Thermal Pollution PPT
74 -- TRACE METAL POLLUTION
74 -- Trace Metal Pollution PPT
74 -- WATER POLLUTION
74 -- Water Pollution PPT
74 -- Water Pollution & Its Control Measures PPT
75A-BIODIVERSITY NEW
75B-BIODIVERSITY- VALUE _ SIGNIFICANCE NEW
75C- BIODIVERSITY LOSS- EXTENT, CAUSES _ IMPACT NEW
75D- BIODIVERSITY - CONSERVATION NEW
75- Biodiversity Part-I
75- Biodiversity Part-II
75- Biodiversity Part-I (Class Lecture)
75- Biodiversity Part-II (Class Lecture)
75- Synopsis (Biodiversity)
75-CHAPTER BIODIVERSITY & ITS MANAGEMENT
76A- FOREST RESOURCES
76B- SIGNIFICANCE OF FORESTS
76C-FOREST RESOURCES PROBLEMS-DEFORESTATION
76D- FOREST CONSERVATION - CONTROLLING DEFORESTATION
76- Forest Conservation
76- Synopsis (Forest Conservation)
76-CHAPTER FOREST CONSERVATION
76-FOREST FIRE
76-AMAZON FOREST FIRES ENRICHMENT
77-WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
77- Wildlife Conservation
77- Synopsis (Wildlife Conservation)
77-CHAPTER WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
78-ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PPT
78-CHAPTER ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT
79-SOCIAL FORESTRY
80-A. sustainable development
80-B. sutainable development objectives & nonsustainable PPT
80-C. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-QUANTATIVE INDICATORS
80-D. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT- CHANGES & STRATEGIES REQUIRED
80-E. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT_PRIORITY AREAS
80- Sustainable Development
80-ENRICHMENT Sustainable Urban Development
80- Sustainable Development (Class Lecture)
80- Synopsis (Sustainable Development)
80-CHAPTER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
81A. Environmental Impact assessment (EIA)
81A. - EIA PPT
81B. - Environmental Impact assessment-INDIA
81B. - EIA in India PPT
81C. Environmental Impact assessment-DRAWBACKS & CONSTRAINTS
81C. - EIA drawbacks & constraints PPT
81- Environmental Impact Assessment
81- Environmental Impact Assessment (Class Lecture)
81- Synopsis (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA))
81-CHAPTER EIA
82-Environmental legislation pptx
82.- Synopsis (Environmental Legislation)
82-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
83-ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
83- Synopsis (Environmental Education)
83-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
84-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
85-Environmental Awareness PPT
85.- Synopsis (Environmental awareness)
85-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
86- Ecosystem Management
86- Synopsis (Ecosystem Management)
86- Chapter (Ecosystem Management)
87. ENRICHMENT -TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE _ GLOBAL WARMING
87. ENRICHMENT - FOREST FIRE
87-DRYING UP OF LAKES ENRICHMENT
87. Drying up of lakes PPT
87. ENRICHMENT - WETLANDS ECOLOGY
87. ENRICHMENT - AMAZON FOREST FIRES
87. ENRICHMENT - GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN
87. ENRICHMENT - HIMALAYAN GLACIERS
87. ENRICHMENT - LANDSLIDES IN HIMALAYAS
87. ENRICHMENT - LOCUST ATTACK
87. ENRICHMENT - PANGOLINS
87. ENRICHMENT - VULTURES
Test Paper - BioEnvironment
BIOENVIRONMENTAL PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023
Bio Environmental Geography Question and Answer Analysis
Model Ans. Discussion-1. Discuss the concept of ecological succession. Why does succession take place, and how does it precedes.
Model Answer-1. Discuss the concept of ecological succession. Why does succession take place, and how does it precedes.
Model Ans. Discussion-2. Ecological adaptations of human are more cultural adaptations rather than biological.
Model Answer-2. Ecological adaptations of human are more cultural adaptations rather than biological" Elaborate.
Model Answer-3. Explain the meaning of 'there is no such thing as free lunch and its significance.
Model Answer-4. Ecological adaptations of human beings are variable in space and time. Discuss.
Model Answer-5. Their environment shapes the morphological characteristics of human beings. Discuss with examples.
Model Answer-6. Discuss the concept of human ecological adaptation, and analyse the various forms?
Model Answer-7. Their environment shapes the morphological characteristics of human beings. Discuss with examples.
Model Answer-8. Discuss the various methods of soil conservation, in particular the new methods that are sustainable.
Model Answer-9. Discuss the major soil forming processes.
Model Answer-10. Explain the major soils orders according to USDA soil classification.
Model Ans. Discussion-11. Discuss the basis on which soils can be classified. Which classification will you use and why?
Model Answer-11. Discuss the basis on which soils can be classified. Which classification will you use and why?
Model Answer-12. Give an account of black soils and its characteristics accounting for the variation in its characteristics from region to region.
Model Ans. Discussion-13. Explain the relative role of biota on Soil formation. How does it determine the fertility of the soil?
Model Answer-13. Explain the relative role of biota on Soil formation. How does it determine the fertility of the soil?
Model Answer-14. Discuss the Mechanism of transformation processes of soil. How does this affect soil fertility?
Model Ans. Discussion-15. What do you understand by the term dispersal of species? Discuss the barriers to dispersal.
Model Answer-15. What do you understand by the term dispersal of species? Discuss the barriers to dispersal.
Model Answer-16. Discuss the role of environmental factors in the distribution of plants and animals.
Model Answer-17. Megatherms, microtherms and mesotherms determine almost all plant types. Discuss.
Model Answer-18. Winds have more effect on the plant distribution than merely acting as an atmospheric agent.
Model Answer-19. Critically examine the human influence on plant and animal distribution.
Model Answer-20. Discuss the factors and obstruction in dispersal of plants and animals.
Model Answer-21. Discuss the concept of adaptive radiation? How has it aided evolution and evolutionary forms?
Model Ans. Discussion-22.a. Explain the climate vegetation relationship between climate and desert biome.
BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 22
Model Ans. Discussion-22.b. Explain the fresh Water Ecosystem and its division. Add a brief note on recent problems.
Model Ans. Discussion-23. Give a brief account of adaptation of plants in the Tundra region.
Model Answer-23. Give a brief account of adaptation of plants in the Tundra region.
Model Answer-24. Describe the various animal adaptations in the Tundra regions.
Model Ans. Discussion-25. Discuss the relationship between desert climate in relation to its adaptation to plants and animals.
Model Ans. Discussion-25. Discuss the relationship between desert climate in relation to its adaptation to plants and animals.
Model Answer-26. Write a short note on gene pool centers, and its implication for Genetic diversity.
Model Answer-27. Discuss the concept and centers of gene pool. Discuss it in relation to the genetic wealth of India.
Model Answer-28. Write a short note on gene pool centres and its implication for Genetic Diversity.
29. Analyse the reasons for human ecological dominance. How do humans control and manipulate their environment.
Model Answer-30. Analyse the evolution of the reasons for human ecological dominance. How do humans control and manipulate their environment.
Model Ans Discussion 31. Discuss the contradictions, dualism and dichotomies between development vs degradation..mp4
Model Answer-31. Discuss the contradictions, dualism and dichotomies between development vs degradation..mp4
Model Answer - 32. Critically examine the impact of energy use on the environment.
MODEL ANS - 33. Examine how sustainable energy management can be achieved and with what implications?
MODEL ANS - 34. Discuss the impact of soil pollution. How can soil pollution be managed?
MODEL ANS - 35. Derelict land formation is a natural by product of mining but with grave consequences for environment. What are these consequences and how is it reclaimed?
Q36-Soils in Punjab and Haryana have lost their fertility, but not because of erosion. Comment on that statement
MODEL ANS - 36. Q36-Soils in Punjab and Haryana have lost their fertility, but not because of erosion. Comment on that statement.
MODEL ANS - 37. The cause of deforestation in developed and developing countries are different? Explain with special reference to India.
MODEL ANS - 38. Explain the reason of deadly land formation and reclamation.
MODEL ANS - 39. Discuss the causes of deforestation taking examples from India. What measures will you suggest to control?
MODEL ANS - 40. The deforestation rate in amazonia has been a cause of concern in recent times? What are the major reasons behind it and possible impacts of deforestation?
MODEL ANS - 41. The causes of deforestation in developed and developing countries are different. Explain that with reference to India.
Q42-Discuss the validity of the concept of bio manipulation as a means of tackling eutrophication.
MODEL ANS - 42. -Discuss the validity of the concept of bio manipulation as a means of tackling eutrophication.
MODEL ANS - 43. What are the pitfalls and characteristics of excess nutrient discharge and eutrophication? How technology and management can help control it. Comment
MODEL ANS - 44. Critically develop the validity of ex situ gene conservation as a means of Biosphere Biodiversity Conservation.
MODEL ANS - 45. Explain the value of biodiversity in a country and show how natural capital can be one of the biggest assess.
MODEL ANS - 46. Give a critical analysis of the threats to biodiversity and a comparative analysis of the ways to manage this diversity.
Q47. Why is it that the value of Biodiversity is considered mostly in terms of economic value? Is that ethical to consider only for economic reasons?
MODEL ANS - 47. Why is it that the value of Biodiversity is considered mostly in terms of economic value? Is that ethical to consider only for economic reasons?
MODEL ANS - 48. Wildlife trafficking is a problem of global concern. Discuss in the light of its impact.
MODEL ANS - 49. Give reasons for the stubble burning in northwest part of India and prepare a draft of measure to have a sustainable solution.
MODEL ANS - 50. Critically explain the likely impact of aerosols on the physical environment.
MODEL ANS - 51. What are the causes of pollution levels are very high over Delhi and how has it got aggravated in recent years?
MODEL ANS - 52. What are the ways of combating Delhi’s Pollution and how novelty and people themselves can come forward to help it?
MODEL ANS - 53. Delhi's pollution levels are high beginning winters. In this light, suggest ways to mange solution of Delhi’s pollution.
Q54. Delhi is one of the most polluted of cities. Explain the reasons of higher pollution over Delhi, the composition of its pollutants and control.
MODEL ANS - 54. Delhi is one of the most polluted of cities. Explain the reasons of higher pollution over Delhi, the composition of its pollutants and control.
MODEL ANS - 55. The oceans are not limitless sinks of pollution. Analyse this statement.
MODEL ANS - 56. Examine the impact of coral reefs on economy and describe various coral bleaching mechanism.
MODEL ANS - 57. Explain with reasons as to why climate change is considered questionable.
MODEL ANS - 58. Discuss the role of environmental information in environmental awareness. How does filling knowledge gaps help create the environmental Awareness. Introduction
MODEL ANS - 59. What is the need of and how can Environmental Education be improved.
60. What is the significance of Environmental Legislation. In this context mention the environmental protection protocols and conventions.
MODEL ANS - 61. Discuss environmental legislation in Indian context and emphasize on the need for legislative or procedural changes in environmental legislation.
MODEL ANS - 62. Discuss the meaning and goals of environmental management. How is environmental management sought to be achieved.
MODEL ANS - 63. Discuss the concept and principles of Ecosystem Management.
MODEL ANS - 64. Discuss the problems of carrying Environmental Impact Assessment in India.
MODEL ANS - 65. Despite all policy mechanism, and willingness that the Government may have, why is it difficult to carry out EIA in India.
Q66. Explain the concept of sustainable development in relation to pre-colonial period industrialization process in India.
MODEL ANS - 66. Explain the concept of sustainable development in relation to pre-colonial period industrialization process in India.
Map of India
India Part-I Introduction
Physiography : Passes of India_ NEW
Important Passes of India
India Part-II Peninsular
India Part III-Eastern Highlands
PART-IV India Western Ghats
India- V Deccan Plateau
India Part-VI Himalaya
India Part - VII Drainage (Introduction)
India Part - VIII Drainage : Himalayan Rivers
India Part- IX Drainage: Peninsular River
India Part- X India Eastern Ghats
India Part- XI The Coastal Plains
India: Physical Setting
Space Relationship - NEW
Space relation with adjoining countries (Class Lecture)
Chapter (Space Relationship of India with Neighbouring countries)
Structrue and Physiography (Class Lecture)
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY (Physiography) PART-1 (Class Lecture)
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY (Physiography) PART-2 (Class Lecture)
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY (Physiography) PART-3 (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Physiography)
Chapter (Physiography)
GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURE- NEW
Geology and Stucture (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Geology and Stucture)
Chapter (Geology and Stucture)
iNDIA PHYSICAL: Drainage System (CLASS LECTURE)
INDIA PHYSICAL :Drainage (CLASS LECTURE)
Synopsis (Drainage)
Chapter (Drainage)
CLIMATE-I NEW
CLIMATE-II NEW
Climate (Class Lecture)
Climate of India.mp4
Synopsis (Climate)
Chapter (Climate)
Chapter (Climatic Regions)
Synopsis (Climatic Classification)
Natural Vegetation (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Natural Vegetation)
Chapter (Natural Vegetation)
SOIL PART-I (Class Lecture)
Soil PART-II (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Soils)
Chapter (Soils)
Synopsis (Wetland & Water Bodies)
LANDSLIDE NEW
Synopsis (Landslides)
Chapter (Landslides)
Synopsis (Natural Phenomena: Avalanche)
Flood - NEW
Floods (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Floods)
Chapter (Floods)
Drought & Dpap - NEW.mp4
Drought (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Drought)
Chapter (Drought)
Desertification Video
The Indian Desert Marusthali (NEW)
Synopsis (Deforestation)
Chapter (Deforestation)
Practice Test Paper - I (India Physical Setting)
Practice Test Paper - II (India Physical Setting)
INDIA PHYSICAL SETTING PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK
QUESTION & ANSWER ANALYSIS
Q_03_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_04_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_05_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_06_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_08_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_11_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_17_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_18_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_19_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_22_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_26_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_27_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_32_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_40_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_41_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_42_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_43_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_46_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_49_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_50_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_55_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
Q_60_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS
India: Resources
Land Resources (Class Lecture)
Chapter (Land Resources)
Synopsis (Land Resources)
Q_01_INDIA RESOURCES
Q_02_INDIA RESOURCES
Water Resources
Chapter (Water Resources)
Synopsis (Water Resources)
Q_03_RIVER WATER LINKING
Q_04_ROLE OF GOVT. IN SOLVING PROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCES
Mineral Resources
Synopsis (Mineral Resources)
Chapter (Mineral Resources)
Energy Resources. (Class Lecture)
Chapter (Energy Resources & Energy crisis)
Synopsis (Energy Resources)
Synopsis (Energy Crisis)
Q_05_WHAT IMPACT THE GREEN ENERGY CORRIDOR PROJECT IS LIKELY TO HAVE IN INDIA. DISCUSS
Synopsis (Biotic Resources)
Chapter (Biotic Resources)
Chapter (Forest Resources)
Chapter (Forest Resources)
Chapter (Forest Conservation)
Forest Conservation
Chapter (Wildlife Resources)
Synopsis (Wildlife Resources)
Wildlife Conservation
Chapter (Marine Resources)
Synopsis (Marine Resources)
INDIA RESOURCE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf
QUESTION & ANSWER ANALYSIS
Q_06_INDIA RESOURCES
Q_07_INDIA RESOURCES
Q_08_INDIA RESOURCES
Q_09_INDIA RESOURCES
Q_10_INDIA RESOURCES
Indian Agriculture
Introduction - Indian Agriculture & Seeds
SEEDS - NEW
Synopsis (Seeds)
Chapter (Seeds)
Irrigation & Fertilizers (Class Lecture)
IRRIGATION NEW
Synopsis (Irrigation)
Chapter (Irrigation)
FERTILIZERS- NEW
Synopsis (Fertilizers)
Chapter (Fertilizers)
Power- NEW
Power (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Power)
Chapter (Power)
Chapter (land reforms)
Synopsis (Land holdings, Land Tenure & Land Reforms)
INTENSITY OF CROPPING- NEW
Intensity of Cropping (Class Lecture)
Chapter (Intensity of Cropping)
Synopsis (Intensity of Cropping)
AGRICULTURE PRODUCTVITY & EFFICIENCY
Synopsis (Agricultural Productivity)
GREEN REVOLUTION - NEW
Green Revolution (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Green Revolution)
Chapter (Green Revolution)
Dryland Farming & Social Forestry (Class Lecture)
DRYLAND FARMING - NEW
Synopsis (Dryland Farming)
Chapter (Dryland Farming)
SOCIAL FORESTRY- NEW
AGROFORESTRY - NEW
Synopsis (Agro and Social Forestry)
Chapter (Agro and Social Forestry)
LIVESTOCK RESOURCES- NEW
Livestock Resource (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Livestock Resource)
Chapter (Livestock Resource)
WHITE REVOLUTION- NEW
White Revolution (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (White Revolution)
Chapter (White Revolution)
AQUACULTURE - NEW
Aquacalture (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Aquacalture)
Chapter (Aquacalture)
Sericulture (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Sericulture)
Chapter (Sericulture)
Apiculture (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Apiculture)
Chapter (Apiculture)
Poultry Culture (Class Lecture)
Synopsis (Poultry)
Chapter (Poultry)
Agricultural Regionalisation- NEW
AGRICULTURAL REGIONALISATION
Chapter (Agricultural Regionalisation)
Synopsis (Cropping Pattern)
Chapter (Cropping Pattern)
Synopsis (Crop Combination)
Synopsis (Agro Climatic Zones)
Chapter (Agro Climatic Zones)
Synopsis (Agro Ecological Regions)
Chapter (Agro Ecological Regions)
INDIA AGRICULTURE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK
INDIA : INDUSTRY
Introduction NEW.mp4
Chapter (Evolution of Industrialisation)
COTTON TEXTILE NEW
Synopsis (Cotton Textile Industry)
Chapter (Cotton Textile Industry)
JUTE INDUSTRY NEW
Synopsis (Jute Industry)
Chapter (Jute Industry)
Paper Industry NEW
Synopsis (Paper Industry)
Chapter (Paper Industry)
Sugar Industry NEW
Synopsis (Sugar Industry)
Chapter (Sugar Industry)
IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY NEW.mp4
Synopsis (Iron and Steel Industry)
Chapter (Iron and Steel Industry)
Synopsis (Aluminium Industry)
Chapter (Aluminium Industry)
AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY NEW
Synopsis (Automobile Industry)
Chapter (Automobile Industry)
Synopsis (Fertiliser Industry)
Chapter (Fertiliser Industry)
Synopsis (Chemical Industry)
Synopsis (Pharmaceutical Industry)
Chapter (Pharmaceutical Industry)
COTTAGE INDUSTRIES NEW.mp4
Synopsis (Cottage Industries)
RURAL Industry NEW.mp4
Chapter (Rural Industries)
Industrial Regions and Complexes NEW.mp4
Synopsis (Industrial Regions and Complexes)
Chapter (Industrial Regions and Complexes)
Chapter (Industrial houses and including public sector undertaking)
Chapter (Industrial Policy)
Chapter (Multinational Companies (MNCs)
Chapter (Special Economic Zones)
Synopsis (Eco-Tourism)
Chapter (Eco-Tourism)
INDIA INDUSTRY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf
Practice Test -Indian Industry
QUESTION AND ANSWER ANALYSIS
Q_01_Industrial Growth and Industrialisation
Q_02_What Roles do Startups have in determining Footloose Industry
Q_03_India should move to Spatial Specialisation
Q_04_Components of Textile Industry
Q_05_Significance of Sugar Industry
Q_06_How is Growth of Textile Industry reflective of Nationalistic Feeling
Q_07_Future of Jute Industry
Q_08_Localisation of Iron & Steel Industry
Q_09_Mini Steel Plants
Q_10_Factors for Evolution and Development of Rural Industries
India:Transport,Communication and Trade
Chapter (Road Transport)
Chapter (Railway Transport)
Synopsis (Airway Transport)
Chapter (Airway Transport)
Synopsis (Waterway Transportation)
Chapter (Waterway Transportation)
Synopsis (Pipeline Transport)
Chapter (Pipeline Transport)
COMPETITION AND COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT FORMS OF TRANS PORT- NEW
India -Transport Introduction Competition and Complementarity Port Development (CLASS LECTURE)
Synopsis (Competition and Complementary)
Chapter (Competition and Complementary)
PORT DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA- NEW
Synopsis (Indian Ports)
NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT
Synopsis (New Communication Technology)
Chapter (New Communication Technology)
India- Transport New Communication Technology Space Technology
INDIA SPACE PROGRAMME-.mp4
Synopsis (Indian Space Programme)
Chapter (Indian Space Programme)
Chapter (Trade Policy)
Chapter (Export Processing Zones)
INDIA TRANSPORT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf
QUESTION & ANSWER ANALYSIS
Q_31_INDIA TRANSPORT
Q_32_&_33_INDIA TRANSPORT
Q_35_INDIA TRANSPORT
Q_45_Discuss why India's Space Programme is so significant for the defence of India as well as for other reasons
Q_47_INDIA TRANSPORT
Q_51_INDIA TRANSPORT
INDIA : POLITICAL ASPECTS
Nation Building - NEW
Space relationship of India with neighboring countries
Chapter (Space relationship of India with neighboring countries)
Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism - NEW
Synopsis (Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism)
Chapter (Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism)
State Reorganistion - NEW
Synopsis (State Reorganistion)
Chapter (State Reorganistion)
Chapter (Emergence of New States)
Regional Consciousness (Regionalism) - NEW
Chapter (Regional Consciousness)
Synopsis (Inter State Issues)
Chapter (Inter State Issues)
Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change
Synopsis (Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change)
Chapter (Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change)
Synopsis (Cross Border Terrorism)
Chapter (Cross Border Terrorism)
Synopsis (India’s Role in World Affairs)
Chapter (India’s Role in World Affairs)
Synopsis (Geopolitics of Indian Ocean Realm)
Chapter (Geopolitics of Indian Ocean Realm)
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
Regional Concept-Concept of Region - NEW
Synopsis (Concept of Region)
Chapter (Concept of Region)
Types of region- NEW
Synopsis (Types of Region)
Chapter (Types of Region)
Synopsis (Methods of Regionalism)
Chapter (Methods of Regionalism)
Growth Centers & Growth Poles- NEW
Synopsis (Growth Centers & Growth Poles)
Chapter (Growth Centers & Growth Poles)
REGIONAL IMBALANCES - NEW
Synopsis (Regional Imbalances)
Chapter (Regional Imbalances)
Synopsis (Regional Imbalances in India)
Chapter (Regional Imbalances in India)
Synopsis (Regional Development Strategies)
Chapter (Regional Development Strategies)
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN regional planning ISSUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION - NEW
Synopsis (Environmental Issues In Regional Planning & Planning For Sustainable Development)
Chapter (Environmental Issues In Regional Planning & Planning For Sustainable Development)
REGIONAL PLANNING IN INDIA - NEW
Synopsis (Regional Planning in India)
Synopsis (Regional Planning In Five Year)
Chapter (Regional Planning In Five Year)
Chapter (Concept of Backwardness)
Synopsis (Planning for Backward Area)
Chapter (Planning for Backward Area)
India Regional Planning Backward Areas
Command Area Development - NEW
Synopsis (Command Area Development)
Chapter (Command Area Development)
Chapter (Desert Development Programme)
Synopsis (Drought Prone Area Programme)
Chapter (Drought Prone Area Programme)
Hill Area Development - NEW
Synopsis (Hill Area Development Programme)
Chapter (Hill Area Development Programme)
Chapter (Tribal Area Development)
ISLAND DEVELOPMENT - NEW
Synopsis (Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories)
Chapter (Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories)
Watershed Management NEW
Synopsis (Watershed Management)
Chapter (Watershed Management)
Multi level Planning - NEW
Synopsis (Multi level Planning)
Chapter (Multi level Planning)
Synopsis (Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Planning)
Chapter (Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Planning)
Chapter (Integrated Rural Development Programmes (IRDP))
Synopsis (Experience of Regional Planning In India)
Chapter (Experience of Regional Planning In India)
Practice Test - Regional Planning
REGIONAL PLANNING PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf
INDIA: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Landslides Video
Synopsis (Landslides)
Chapter (Landslides)
Earthquakes Video
Chapter (Earthquakes)
Tsunamis Video
Synopsis (Tsunami)
Chapter (Tsunami)
Floods Video
Synopsis (Floods)
Chapter (Floods)
Drought Video
Synopsis (Drought)
Chapter (Drought)
Lighting
Tornado
Chapter (Epidemics)
Chapter (Issues Relating to Environmental Pollution)
Chapter (Changing Land Use Pattern)
Synopsis (Food Security)
Chapter (Environmental Impact Assessment And Environmental Management; Population Explosion And Food Security)
Chapter (Environmental degradation)
DESERTIFICATION.mp4
Synopsis (Deforestation & Desertification)
Synopsis (Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest)
Chapter (Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest)
Chapter (Regional Imbalances)
Chapter (Sustainable Development)
Chapter (Environmental Awareness)
INDIA NATURAL EVENTS & CONTEMPORARY ISSUES PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK
PREVIOUS YEAR QS
UPSC Mains 2019-GEOG. OPT. PAPER-1
UPSC Mains 2019-GEOG. OPT. PAPER-2