Preview Geography Optional

Strategy for Preparation for Mains Geography Optional

HOW TO MAKE INDIA MAP

HOW TO MAKE WORLD MAP

MAP LOCATIONS

CHAPTER 1- MOUNTAIN AND HILLS MAP

CHAPTER 1- Mountains & Hills

CHAPTER 2- MOUNTAIN PEAKS MAP

CHAPTER 2- Mountain peaks

CHAPTER 3- PASSES MAP

CHAPTER 3- Passes

CHAPTER 4- GLACIERS MAP

CHAPTER 4- Glaciers

CHAPTER 5- INDUS RIVER SYSTEM MAP

CHAPTER 5- Indus River System

CHAPTER 6- GANGA RIVER SYSTEM MAP

CHAPTER 6- Ganga River System

CHAPTER 7- YAMUNA RIVER SYSTEM MAP

CHAPTER 7- Yamuna River System

CHAPTER 8- GODAVARI RIVER SYSTEM MAP

CHAPTER 8- Godavari River System

CHAPTER 9- KRISHNA RIVER SYSTEM MAP

CHAPTER 9- Krishna River System

CHAPTER 10- KAVERI RIVER SYSTEM MAP

CHAPTER 10- Kaveri River System

CHAPTER 11- Mahanadi River System MAP

CHAPTER 11- Mahanadi River System

CHAPTER 12- Brahmaputra River System MAP

CHAPTER 12- Brahmaputra River System

CHAPTER 13- Other River MAP

CHAPTER 13- Other Rivers

CHAPTER 14- Waterfalls MAP

CHAPTER 14- Waterfalls

CHAPTER 15- Lakes MAP

CHAPTER 15- Lakes

UPSC Answersheet

1. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS POPULATION GEOGRAPHY

1-DEMOGRAPHIC ATTRIBUTES NEW

1-Demographic Attributes

Synopsis (Demographic Attributes)

Chapter (Demographic Attributes)

Model Answer-1. The age sex structure actually reflects the intent and character of the society.

2. Determinants of Fertility

Synopsis (Determinants of Fertility)

Model Answer-4. Discuss the level and trends of IMR across the world

3. Synopsis (Population Growth)

Chapter (Population Growth)

Model Answer-2. Discuss the causes of mortality transition. Also, explain the patterns of life expectancy in the world.

Model Answer-3. What has been the role of re-emergence of infectious and parasitic diseases in changing the global mortality patterns. Discuss.

Model Answer-8. Critically examine the role of three revolutions that has determined the growth rate of population.

Model Answer-36. Can India garner the demographic dividend. Analyse.

4. DEMOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVES & POPULATION THEORIES NEW

4. Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory

Synopsis (Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory)

Chapter (Demographic Perspectives & Population Theory)

Q_22.Model Ans. Discussion- Critically analyze the concepts that form the basis of pre-modern population theories.

Model Answer-22. Critically analyze the concepts that form the basis of pre-modern population theories.

Q_26.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the Epidemiological Transition Theory of population and its applicability.

Model Answer-25 & 26. Discuss the Epidemiological Transition Theory of population and its applicability.

Q_27 & 28.Model Ans. Discussion- Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples. Or Demographic structures are being deliberately distorted to suit the political aspirations of the countries.

Model Answer-27 & 28. Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples. Or Demographic structures are being deliberately distorted to suit the political aspirations of the countries.

Q_29. Analyse the relationship between population and economic development from a theoretical perspective

5-Malthusian Theory NEW

5- Malthusian Theory

Synopsis (Malthusian Theory)

Chapter (Malthusian Theory)

Model Answer-20. Critically examine the Malthusian theory of Population. How it is different from Neo-Malthusian?

Q_24.Model Ans. Discussion- Critically analyze the Post Malthusian perspective on population.

Model Answer-24. Critically analyze the Post Malthusian perspective on population.

6. Concept of Optimum Population

Synopsis (Concept of Optimum Population)

Chapter (Concept of Optimum Population)

Model Answer-19. Concepts of over-under and optimum population are vital to understand the economic implications of demographic processes. Discuss.

7-MARXIAN THEORY OF POPULATION GROWTH NEW

7. Marxian Theory of Population

Synopsis (Marxian Theory Of Population)

Chapter (Marxian Theory of Population)

Model Answer-21. The contemporary overpopulation faced by many countries is nothing but a reflection of population resource imbalance according to Malthus but from a Marxist viewpoint, such phenomena are nothing but reifications of concrete historical, social, political and economic relations. Discuss.

8. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY NEW

8. Demographic Transition Theory

Synopsis (Demographic Transition Theory)

Chapter (Demographic Transition Theory)

Model Answer-5. Discuss the causes and consequences of Demographic Transition.

Q6.Model Ans. Discussion- Outline the key challenges, the world will face as the demographic transitions runs its course across the remainder of the century.

Model Answer-6. Outline the key challenges, the world will face as the demographic transitions runs its course across the remainder of the century.

Q_07.Model Ans. Discussion- Rather than being one demographic transition there are in reality many. Analyze the statement with separate special reference to India.

Model Answer-7. Rather than being one demographic transition there are in reality many. Analyze the statement with separate special reference to India.

Model Answer-35. India's progression through demographic transition provide a good example of the ways in which demographic processes are entwined with social, cultural, political and environmental processes . Discuss.

9-MIGRATION (NEW)

9. Migration - I (About Migration)

9. Migration - II (Consequences of Migration)

9-THEORIES OF MIGRATION (NEW)

9. Migration - III (Theories on Migration)

Synopsis (Migration)

Chapter (Migration)

Model Answer-9 & 10. Analyse the role of migration on the development of cultural landscape.

Model Answer-11. Analyse recent European migration crisis, its causes and government's response.

Q_12.Model Ans. Discussion- Critically analyze the relationship between globalization and international migration and how has it affected the present world.

Model Answer-12. Critically analyze the relationship between globalization and international migration and how has it affected the present world.

Q_13.Model Ans. Discussion- Briefly describe, how migrants assimilation into host societies takes place.

Model Answer-13. Briefly describe, how migrants assimilation into host societies takes place.

Model Answer-14. Discuss the contemporary migration pattern of India.

Model Answer-15. Write an essay on the factors that determine migrant assimilation into host societies.

Model Answer-16. What is the difference between 'refuges' and 'internally displaced persons'. Analyse the contemporary patters of such population.

Q_17.Model Answer- Explain the concept of acculturation and cultural assimilation as applicable to India with examples.

Model Answer-17. Explain the concept of acculturation and cultural assimilation as applicable to India with examples.

Q_18.Model Ans. Discussion- Migration has the potential to induce secularization as well as the break the fabric of the society.

Model Answer-18. Migration has the potential to induce secularization as well as the break the fabric of the society.

10. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION NEW

10. World Population Distribution

Synopsis (World Population Distribution)

Chapter (World Population Distribution)

10-CHINA EASTERN PART NEW

11. WORLD POPULATION PROBLEMS -POPULATION GROWTH NOT THE REAL PROBLEMS NEW

11-WORLD POPULATION PROBLEMS NEW

11. World Population Problems

Synopsis (World Population Problems)

Chapter (World Population Problems)

Model Answer-29. Analyse the relationship between population and economic development from a theoretical perspective.

Model Answer-30. The real and emerging issue now with increasing population pressure is with the environmental carrying capacity, rather than anything else.

Model Answer-31. Large population of many countries is not the problem, rather a resource. Explain this this statement with particular reference to African countries.

12. Population Policies

Synopsis (Population Policies)

Chapter (Population Policies)

Pro Natal Policies have an inbuilt motive in garnering a geopolitical leverage out of it. Suggest it with suitable examples

13A. LANGUAGE NEW

13B. RELIGION NEW

14. Religion

14. Language and Religion

Synopsis (Language And Religion)

Chapter (Language And Religion)

Q_37.Model Ans. Discussion- How do cultures and civilizations differ. In this context identify the components of culture may go on to have.

Model Answer-38. Discuss the Conquest and Agricultural theory of Diffusion of Languages.

Model Answer-39. Examine the relationship between religion and environment thinking.

Q_40.Model Ans. Discussion- What has determined that Hinduism remains a local religion while Islam and Christianity are Universal religions.

Model Answer-40. What has determined that Hinduism remains a local religion while Islam and Christianity are Universal religions.

Q_41.Model Ans. Discussion- How does the evolution and process of development of languages is related to the perceptions. Explain with suitable examples.

Model Answer-41. How does the evolution and process of development of languages is related to the perceptions. Explain with suitable examples.

Q_42.Model Ans. Discussion- Hinduism is more a way of life rather than religion. Explain the statement in light of assimilation and tolerance characteristics of Hinduism.

Model Answer-42. Hinduism is more a way of life rather than religion. Explain the statement in light of assimilation and tolerance characteristics of Hinduism.

Model Answer-43. Bring out a clear relationship between religion and women's rights issue.

Q_44.Model Ans. Discussion- India is united despite being so diverse that precludes it from becoming a nation. Comment.

Model Answer-44. India is united despite being so diverse that precludes it from becoming a nation. Comment.

CULTURAL REALMS

SYNOPSIS-Major Cultural Realms

Model Answer-37. How do cultures and civilizations differ. In this context identify the components of culture may go on to have.

15. Secularisation

Synopsis (Secularisation)

Chapter (Secularisation)

Model Answer-32. Examine the relationship between Secularisation, Behavioural approach and Social well being.

Q_33.Model Ans. Discussion- Secularization is the last stage of development of a society. Analyse.

Model Answer-33. Secularization is the last stage of development of a society. Analyse.

Q_34.Model Ans. Discussion-Discuss the concept of secularization, its form and the likely impact it has on the society.

Model Answer-34. Discuss the concept of secularization, its form and the likely impact it has on the society.

16. SOCIAL CAPITAL NEW

16. Social Capital

Synopsis (Social Capital)

Chapter (Social Capital)

Q_45.Model Ans. Discussion- Despite the fact that Social Capital can be a real resource there are a good chance that it can turn into a disadvantage waiting for an abuse. Explained.

Model Answer-45. Despite the fact that Social Capital can be a real resource there are a good chance that it can turn into a disadvantage waiting for an abuse. Explained.

Q_46.Model Ans. Discussion- Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of Economic Development. Give your argument in favour and against of it.

Model Answer-46. Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of Economic Development. Give your argument in favour and against of it.

17. Synopsis (Social Well Being)

17. Chapter (Social Well Being)

Model Answer-47. The incidence of illness is as much reflective of the social well being of the people as much of the state of economy as well as societal attitudes and norms. Analyse the statement with respect to various social malaise the society suffers.

Q_48.Model Ans. Discussion- The balance of perception is the best indication of among all social well-being indicators of the people of the country. Comment.

Model Answer-48. The balance of perception is the best indication of among all social well-being indicators of the people of the country. Comment.

Test Paper - Population Geography

Population and Culture: Question and Answer Analysis

POPULATION & CULTURE PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS for 2023

2. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

1. WORLD ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT NEW

1. World Economic Growth And Economic Development Part - I

1. World Economic Growth And Economic Development Part - II

Synopsis (Economic Growth and Economic Development)

Chapter (Economic Growth and Economic Development)

Model Answer-1. Differentiate between the concept of Growth and Development.

Model Answer-2. Discuss the method of evolving Human Development Indicators/Index (HDI).

Q_03.Model Ans. Discussion- Economic growth inevitably leads to environmental degradation, but not economic development.

Model Answer-3. Economic growth inevitably leads to environmental degradation, but not economic development.

Q_04.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the significance of Genuine Progress indicator (GPI) or Index of Sustainable.

Model Answer-4. Discuss the significance of Genuine Progress indicator (GPI) or Index of Sustainable.

Discuss the relevance of Genuine Progressive Index in India as an effective sustainable means of economic development

Model Answer-5. GDP as a measure of development is a flawed concept and its calculation has done more harm than good to the world as a concept.

Q_09.Model Ans. Discussion- Prepare a sustainable development model for an African economy.

Model Answer-9. Prepare a sustainable development model for an African economy.

Q_10.Model Ans. Discussion- Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of economic development.

Model Answer-10. Social capital is the most important tool for selecting the state of economic development.

Q_11.Model Ans. Discussion-The pattern of development in the world shows strange coincidences with geopolitics. Do you agree?

Model Answer-11. The pattern of development in the world shows strange coincidences with geopolitics. Do you agree?

2. LIMITS TO GROWTH NEW

2. Limit to Growth

Synopsis (Limits to Growth)

Chapter (Limits to Growth)

Q_12.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the applicability of the concept. of Limits to Growth.

Model Answer-12. Discuss the applicability of the concept. of Limits to Growth.

Model Answer-13. Although Limits to growth was a theoretical presentation of the extent of growth, it gives a subtle message on environment.

3. Water Resources NEW

3. Water Resources

Synopsis (Water Resources)

Chapter (Water Resources)

Q_20.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the significance of Water Governance as a means of water resource management?

Model Answer-20. Discuss the significance of Water Governance as a means of water resource management?

Model Answer-21. Throughput method of water management is much better than Input method.

Q_22Model Ans. Discussion- Use of local wisdom in water resource management is much more sustainable than structural based Engineering Approach.

Model Answer-22. Use of local wisdom in water resource management is much more sustainable than structural based Engineering Approach.

4. Chapter (Forest Resources)

5. Chapter (Biotic Resources)

6. Mineral Resources

Synopsis (Mineral Resources)

Chapter (Mineral Resources)

7. Energy Resources

Synopsis (Energy Resources)

Chapter (Energy Resources & Energy Crisis)

Model Answer-14. Despite nuclear energy offering many possibilities including locational advantages, what are its world prospects of development.

Model Answer-15. Present a brief analytical account of Sustainable Energy Resources for marking.

Model Answer-16 & 17. What are the factors that determine the decisions of countries to use various energy resources?

ENERGY RESOURCES

8. ENERGY CRISIS NEW

8A. IS THERE ANYTHING LIKE GREEN ENERGY ENRICHMENT

8. Energy Crisis

Synopsis (Energy Crisis)

Q_18.Model Ans. Discussion- Nuclear fusion has the potential to solve the energy crisis forever but not the environmental crisis.

Model Answer-18. Nuclear fusion has the potential to solve the energy crisis forever but not the environmental crisis.

Synopsis (Marine Resources)

Chapter (Marine Resources)

9. WORLD AGRICULTURE TYPES -1 NEW

9. WORLD AGRICULTURE TYPES-2 NEW

9. Agricultural Typology/Regions

Synopsis (Agricultural Typology/Regions)

Chapter (World Agriculture- Typology of Agricultural Regions)

Model Answer-23. Give a brief account of Dairy farming in Denmark and comparison with Denmark.

10. FOOD SECURITY NEW

10. Food Security

Synopsis (Food Security)

Chapter (Food Security)

Model Answer-24. Discuss the efficacy of methods & programmes adopted for improving food supply in developing countries?

11. Famine NEW

Chapter (Famine)

12. WORLD INDUSTRIAL REGIONS NEW

12. World Industrial Region Part - I

12. World Industrial Region Part - II

Synopsis (World Industrial Region)

Chapter (World Industrial Region)

Q_25.Model Ans. Discussion-What were the advantages with New England region that it lost in due course of time, and why did it lost? Analyse with its concomitant impact.

Model Answer-25. What were the advantages with New England region that it lost in due course of time, and why did it lost? Analyse with its concomitant impact.

13. WORLD INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS NEW

Chapter (World Industrial Problems)

Q_34.Model Ans. Discussion- Despite some of the best locational advantage industries have, they still do not flourish. What can be the possible set of factors that detract the industries from their set locations?

Model Answer-34. Despite some of the best locational advantage industries have, they still do not flourish. What can be the possible set of factors that detract the industries from their set locations?

14. Chapter (World Trade Pattern)

15. GLOBALIZATION NEW

Chapter (Globalization)

Model Answer-6 & 7. Differentiate between globalisation and glocalisation and the relative suitability of the terms to world economic management.

Model Answer-8. Critically analyse as to how globalisation can be a separate beneficial model a developing economy especially India.

Agricultural Productivity

Test Paper - Economic Geography

Economic & Models Theories Question and Answer Analysis

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PYQ TILL 2022 &NEW QS FOR 2023

Model Answer-26. Critically examine the concept of Growth centres and growth pole.

Model Answer-27. Give A Critical Assessment Of Central-Place Theory.

Model Answer-28. Bring out the Difference between Christaller's & Losch's Idea.

Model Answer-29. Describe how the characteristics of system explain the application of the concept into Geography.

Q_30.Model Ans. Discussion-30. Critically describe the applicability of Demographic Transition Theory to developing countries.

Model Answer-30. Critically describe the applicability of Demographic Transition Theory to developing countries.

Model Answer-31. The demographic transition model is no more than a broad generalisation. Explain.

Model Answer-32. Demographic Transition model does not have a universal application because of every country oven experience, outside intervention, cultural differences & role of women.

Q_33.Model Ans. Discussion- To what extent Myrdal's concept of cumulative causation explains growth phenomena and its interrelationship.

Model Answer-33. To what extent Myrdal's concept of cumulative causation explains growth phenomena and its interrelationship.

Q_35.Model Ans. Discussion- Present a classification of Industrial Location Theories taking the Economic Man Approach and the Least Cost Approach and briefly describe them.

Model Answer-35. Present a classification of Industrial Location Theories taking the Economic Man Approach and the Least Cost Approach and briefly describe them.

Model Answer-36. Critical appraisal of the least Cost and Market Area approach to Industrial Location Theory.

Model Answer-37. Briefly discuss the structural approach and Radical and welfare approach to Industrial Location Theory.

Model Answer-38. Critically explain the reasons to support your approach to choice of Industrial location Theory/theories..

Q_39.Model Ans. Discussion- Express your view points on the choice of Behavioural approach as an improvement over Least Coast and Market Area as an explanation of Industrial location.

Model Answer-39. Express your view points on the choice of Behavioural approach as an improvement over Least Coast and Market Area as an explanation of Industrial location.

Q_40.Model Ans. Discussion- Noida and Gurgaon have more than 85 screens, more than Delhi its parent city. This phenomena is explained by Least Cast Approach or by Market Area Approach. Explain with reasons.

Model Answer-40. Noida and Gurgaon have more than 85 screens, more than Delhi its parent city. This phenomena is explained by Least Cast Approach or by Market Area Approach. Explain with reasons.

Model Answer-41. The encirclement policy of USA has roots in the Heartland Theory and its modification by Spykman. Give a contemporary analysis.

Model Answer-42. How Spykman has been an improvement over Mckinder. Is it still applicable?

Q_29.Model Ans. Discussion-Describe how the characteristics of system explain the application of the concept into Geography.

6. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY PYQTILL 2022 &NEW QS FOR 2023

3. SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY

Introductions (CLASS LECTURE)

1. BASICS OF RURAL SETTLEEMENT NEW

Chapter (Rural Settlement Types And Patterns)

BASICS OF SETTLEMENT-Rural and Urban

Model Answer-3. Discuss the basis and characteristic of Dispersed settlements in the Northeast India.

Q_04.Model Ans. Discussion- It is very difficult for linear patterns to evolve and sustain in linear form now. Discuss.

Model Answer-4. It is very difficult for linear patterns to evolve and sustain in linear form now. Discuss.

2.&3. URBAN SETTLEMENTS INTRODUCTION & BASICS NEW

Rural And Urban Settlement Types And Patterns

Synopsis (Basics of Settlement -Rural and Urban)

3. Concept Of Cities And Urban Area & Census Concept Of Urban Area & Functional Classification Of Towns

Synopsis (Concept of Cities and Urban Area)

03-CHAPTER CONCEPT OF CITIES

Model Answer-45. Cities are the harbingers of growth. As the cities have grown they have brought about myriad problems. In this light discuss the components of sustainable town planning in India?

3A. CENSUS CONCEPT OF URBAN AREA (NEW)

3A. CENSUS CONCEPT OF URBAN AREA PPT

Synopsis (Census Concept of Urban Area)

4 - CITY CLASSIFICATION

Synopsis (Functional Classification of Towns)

Model Answer-40 & 41. Functional classification of towns is an essential feature of larger form of urban planning.

Q_41.Model Ans. Discussion- Functional classification of towns is an essential feature of larger form of urban planning.

Model Answer-17. Discuss Michael Pacione scheme of functional classification of cities.

5-CITY CLASSIFICATION-INDIAN

6. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES NEW

6. The Internal Structure of Cities

Synopsis (The Internal Structure of Cities)

06-CHAPTER INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF CITIES

Model Answer-9. Discuss the distinctiveness of American city centre and its causes.

Model Answer-10. Critically examine the applicability of the various theories of Urban morphology and examine its cross cultural comparisons.

Q_11.Model Ans. Discussion- The Central part of Cities of different countries differ from each other guided by cultural factors rather than any economic concern.

Model Answer-11. The Central part of Cities of different countries differ from each other guided by cultural factors rather than any economic concern.

Model Answer-12. The city structure differs from country to country based on its culture and history. Explain.

Q_13.Model Ans. Discussion- The changing city structure of India is reflective of its socio-economic changes. Analyse.

Model Answer-13. The changing city structure of India is reflective of its socio-economic changes. Analyse.

Model Answer-14. Of late it has been observed that the City centre and CBD has declined. What is the reason behind the growing insignificance of CBD.

07-CHAPTER CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT

8. MORPHOLOGY OF INDIAN CITIES NEW

8. Morphology of Indian Cities

Synopsis (Morphology of Indian Cities)

CHAPTER MORPHOLOGY_OF_INDIAN_CITIES_

Q_15.Model Ans. Discussion- Residential segregation has been a feature of Indian cities even in the past. What has been the main reason behind the emergence of new form and reason of residential segregation?

Model Answer-15. Residential segregation has been a feature of Indian cities even in the past. What has been the main reason behind the emergence of new form and reason of residential segregation?

8A. Decline of the city centre in India

8A-Decline of the city centre in India

9. URBAN SPHERES OF INFLUENCE NEW

9. Urban Spheres of Influence

Synopsis (Urban Spheres of Influence)

CHAPTER URBAN SPHERE_OF_INFLUENCE

Q_23_24_25.Model Ans. Discussion- The methods of determination of Spheres of Influence have become more observational rather than quantitative. Argue.

Model Answer-23, 24 & 25. The methods of determination of Spheres of Influence have become more observational rather than quantitative. Argue

Model Answer-26. It is difficult to determine the sphere of influence of a city, while it is practical to determine the sphere of influence of a particular function. Elaborate your answer.

10. RURAL URBAN FRINGE NEW

10. Rural-Urban Fringe

Synopsis (Rural-Urban Fringe)

CHAPTER RURAL_URBAN_FRINGE

Model Answer-19. What factors have allowed the Rural- Urban Fringe in India to evolve? To what extent is it beneficial or detrimental for the urban setting.

11. URBAN SPRAWL (NEW)

11. Urban Sprawl

Synopsis (Urban Sprawl)

CHAPTER URBAN_SPRAWL

Q31_Sprawls are reflective of the economic and technological changes

Model Answer 31-Sprawls are reflective of the economic and technological changes

Model Answer-27. Critically examine the growth, character and impact of Urban sprawl.

12. Conurbation/ Megalopolis

Synopsis (Conurbation/ Megalopolis)

CHAPTER CONURBATION & MEGALOPOLIS

11. Discuss the nature of megalopolis in India NEW

11_.Discuss the nature of megalopolis in India

Model Answer-18. Discuss different types of conurbations and their type.

12. HIERARCHY OF URBAN SETTLEMENTS (NEW)

12. Hierarchy of Urban Settlements

Synopsis (Hierarchy of Urban Settlements)

CHAPTER HIERARCHY_OF_URBAN_SETTLEMENTS

Q_05.Model Ans. Discussion- What are the different interpretations of hierarchy of settlements? Analyze your viewpoint on them.

Model Answer-5. What are the different interpretations of hierarchy of settlements? Analyze your viewpoint on them.

Model Answer-6. What determines the Hierarchy of settlements? How is that hierarchy manifests itself in the form of Settlement spectrum.

14. Primate City (NEW)

14. Primate City

Synopsis (Primate City)

14-CHAPTER PRIMATE CITY DISTRIBUTION

Q_07 & 08.Model Ans. Discussion- In the present globalised world, as well as the world that seeks identity, it is multiple primacy that forms the main pattern reflecting underlying growth.

Model Answer-7 & 8. In the present globalised world, as well as the world that seeks identity, it is multiple primacy that forms the main pattern reflecting underlying growth.

15. RANK SIZE RULE NEW

15. Rank Size Rule

Synopsis (Rank Size Rule)

CHAPTER RANK SIZE RULE

16. Central Place Theory New

Central Places Theory

CHAPTER CENTRAL PLACE THEORY

17. URBAN GROWTH IN INDIA NEW

17. Urban Growth And Development In India

Synopsis (Urban Growth In India)

CHAPTER URBAN GROWTH IN INDIA

Chapter Consequences of Urban Growth

Model Answer-35. Problems of Indian cities from a perspective of resource constraint as a major problem. What do you think can be suggested to make the cities as self reliant as possible?

18-Urban Development in 20th century NEW

18. Urban Growth-20th Century & The British Contribution

Synopsis (20th Century & The British Contribution)

18-URBANISATION TRENDS IN INDIA

Model Answer-16. The 21st century Indian cities show a tendency towards cities becoming polynodal. Analyse the milieu under which it takes place along with reasons.

Model Answer-29. The most important imprint of Indian cities has been the Colonial impact on the Indian city growth. What were these impacts and to what extent did they change Indian cities.

19- Urban Growth_ Post Independence Era NEW

Synopsis (Urban Growth In The Post-Independence Era)

19-URBAN GROWTH IN INDIA

20- Urban Growth in Post Liberalisation NEW

20. Urban Growth In The Post-Liberalisation Era

Synopsis (Urban Growth In The Post-Liberalisation Era)

Model Answer-30. Discuss the main features of urban growth in the Post-Liberalisation Era.

Q_28.Model Ans. Discussion- While the cities in India have grown, but there has been Growing Intra Urban Service Mismatch. Describe these mismatches, their form and their reasons with examples.

Model Answer-28. While the cities in India have grown, but there has been Growing Intra Urban Service Mismatch. Describe these mismatches, their form and their reasons with examples.

Q_43.Model Ans. Discussion- What were the factors that led to evolution of Economically Dynamic Urban Corridors and Clusters of Cities.

21. URBANISATION AS A GEOGRAPHICAL PROCESS NEW

21. Urbanisation

Synopsis (Urbanisation)

CHAPTER WORLD URBANISATION TRENDS

CHAPTER URBANISATION TRENDS IN INDIA

Q_31.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss Urban Renewal as a global urban trend in its capacity to transform urban areas.

Model Answer-31. Discuss Urban Renewal as a global urban trend in its capacity to transform urban areas.

Model Answer-32. Discuss the concept of sub urbanisation as a process, its reasons and its form.

Q_36.Model Ans. Discussion- It is the sheer administrative mismanagement of our cities, which is responsible for the total mess in which we find ourselves. How this urban mismanagement is a problem and how do you think urban governance can resolve this issue.

Model Answer-36. It is the sheer administrative mismanagement of our cities, which is responsible for the total mess in which we find ourselves. How this urban mismanagement is a problem and how do you think urban governance can resolve this issue.

Q_46.Model Ans. Discussion- Capitalism, industrialisation and urbanisation are all inextricably interlinked. Discuss.

Model Answer-46. Capitalism, industrialisation and urbanisation are all inextricably interlinked. Discuss.

22A-PROBLEMS OF URBAN GROWTH

22B-INDIAN URBAN PROBLEMS AND POLICIES

Q_35.Model Ans. Discussion- Problems of Indian cities from a perspective of resource constraint as a major problem. What do you think can be suggested to make the cities as self reliant as possible?

Model Answer-34. To what extent do you think that rural urban migration has accentuated city problems in India?

Model Answer-1. Give an account of the food processing Storage, and Transport and its impact on environment in India.

23. SLUMS NEW

23. Slums

23A-Why slum relocation schemes are not effective

Synopsis (Slums)

CHAPTER INDIAN SLUMS

Model Answer-20. What causes the growth of slums, and what can be its remedial measures of the problem of slum growth?

Q_21.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the origin of slums as a transitional process and being at an advanced stage of urban expansion and assimilation following invasion and succession.

Model Answer-21. Discuss the origin of slums as a transitional process and being at an advanced stage of urban expansion and assimilation following invasion and succession.

Model Answer-22. What has been our basic flaw in our policy on slum growth control and management?

23A-Why slum relocation schemes are not effective

24-TOWN PLANNING-SATELLITE TOWNS NEW

24. Satellite Towns

Synopsis (Town Planning: Satellite Towns)

24-SATELLITE TOWNS

Model Ans. Discussion-37. Despite its disadvantages the features of satellite towns have helped it to grow. Explain in reference to India.

Model Answer-43. What were the factors that led to evolution of Economically Dynamic Urban Corridors and Clusters of Cities.

Model Answer-37. Despite its disadvantages the features of satellite towns have helped it to grow. Explain in reference to India.

25. Chapter (Town Planning: National Capital Region)

25A. Green Belts do not always play a positive role for cities NEW

Green Belts do not always play a positive role for cities NEW

25B-Town Planning INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER DECENTRALIZATION TO DECONGEST CITIES

Q_42.Model Ans. Discussion- Mass Rapid Transportation System has been a new form of intra urban planning. What impact MRTS had on city planning and what is the likelihood of its impact.

Model Answer-42. Mass Rapid Transportation System has been a new form of intra urban planning. What impact MRTS had on city planning and what is the likelihood of its impact.

26. Sustainable Urban Development NEW

26. Sustainable Town Planning

26. Sustainable Urban Development

26A. Issues that constitutes sustainable development

Synopsis (Sustainable Urban Development)

26-SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Q_38.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss how Sustainable Urban Development can be achieved.

Model Answer-38. Discuss how Sustainable Urban Development can be achieved.

Q_39.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the various forms that Urban Growth required for a Sustainable Town Planning.

Model Answer-39. Discuss the various forms that Urban Growth required for a Sustainable Town Planning.

Model Answer - Social Justice will actually help solve major world’s urban problem and make it sustainable

27. Smart Cities

Synopsis (Smart Cities)-

Model Answer-33. Critically examine the concept of Edge City. How will they be helpful for cities.

Model Answer-44. What have been the challenges in the development of smart cities. To what extent have they been mitigated?

Model Answer-2. How is it that animals can harm the health of humans to a large extent? Explain it taking examples.

Practice Test - Settlement Geography

Settlement Geography Question & Answer Analysis

SETTLEMENT GEOGRAPHY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023

4. MODELS, THEORIES AND LAWS IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS MODELS AND THEORIES

1 - Systems Analysis

1 - SYSTEMS ANALYSIS NEW

Synopsis (Systems Analysis)

CHAPTER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2 - AGRICULTURAL LOCATION THEORY: VON THUNEN’S THEORY NEW

2- Agricultural Location Theories: Von Thunen's Theory

Synopsis (Von Thunen's Theory)

Chapter (Von Thunen's Theory)

3 - Industrial Location Theories- Webers Theory

3 - INDUSTRIAL LOCATION THEORY: Weber’s Theory

Synopsis (Webers Theory)

Chapter (Industrial Location Theories- Weber's Theory)

4 - Central Place Theory Christaller- New

4 - Central Place Theory (Christaller)

4A- Losch Theory of Central Places

Synopsis (Central Places Theory Christaller & Losch)

Chapter(Central Place Theory)

5 - Rostow’s Development Model NEW

5 - Rostow's Development Model

Synopsis (Rostow's Development Model)

Chapter (Rostow's Development Model)

6 - MYRDALS CUMULATIVE CAUSATION

7 - Growth Center & Growth Poles NEW

7 - Growth Centre, Perroux and Boudeville

10-GROWTH CENTRE MODEL SM KS

8 - MCKINDER_S HEARTLAND THEORY NEW

8 - Mackinder's Heartland Theory and Spykman's Rimland Theory

Synopsis (Mackinder's Heartland Theory)

Chapter (Mckinder's Heartland Theory)

9 - Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers

Synopsis (Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers)

Chapter (Laws of International Boundaries and Frontiers)

4.9a- Malthusian Theory

4.10a- Concept of Optimum Population

OPTIMUM POPULATION

4.11a- Marxian Theory Of Population

4.12a- Demographic Transition Theory

Test Paper - Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography

MODELS , THEORIES PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QUESTIONS FOR 2023

5. PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS PERSPECTIVE IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

A BRIEF HISTORY OF GEOGRAPHY

1 - Perspective in Geography

Synopsis (What is Geography)

Chapter (What is Geography)

3 & 4 - INDIAN AND ARAB GEOGRAPHER

Synopsis (Indian Geographers)

5 - Greek and Roman Geographer

6 - Age of Exploration and Discoveries

Synopsis (Age of Exploration and Discoveries)

7 - Inventions of the Renaissance Period

Synopsis (Inventions of the Renaissance Period)

8 - Geography in 18th Century

Synopsis (Geography in the 18th Century)

9 - Thought 19th Century

Synopsis (Geography in the 19th Century)

10 - Determinism and Possibilism

Synopsis (Determinism and Possibilism)

11 - Environmentalism

Synopsis (Environmentalism)

5.8c- Chapter (Environmentalism)

5.9a- Regional Concept

5.9b- Synopsis (Regional Concept)

5.9c- Chapter (Regional Concept)

5.10a- Areal Differentiation

5.10b- Synopsis (Areal Differentiation)

5.10c- Chapter (Areal Differentiation)

5.11a- Quantitative Revolution

5.11b- Synopsis (Quantitative Revolution)

5.11c- Chapter (Quantitative Revolution)

5.12a- Behavioural Revolution

5.12b- Synopsis (Behavioural Revolution)

5.12c- Chapter (Behavioural Revolution)

5.13a- Radical, Human and Welfare Approaches

5.13b- Synopsis (Radical, Human and Welfare approaches)

5.13c- Chapter (Radical, Human and Welfare approaches)

5.14a- Recent Trends in Geography

5.14b- Synopsis (Recent Trends)

5.15a- Languages, Religions, Secularization

5.16a- Synopsis (Major Cultural Realms)

Test Paper - Perspective in Human Geography

Previous Year Question Bank- Perspectives in Human Geography

Perspectives in Human Geography Question & Answer Analysis

Model Answer-1. Despite the fact that Indian Geographers contribution has been seminal it is not very well recognised in the world. Describe the contributions and the reasons that may have prevented the works from being recognized.

Model Answer-2. When the whole world was suffering from the Dark Ages, India was a major Knowledge Super Power. Explain.

Model Answer-3. Examine the context under which Arabian geographers gave their contribution, Why are these contributions significant?

Model Answer-4. What is Kant-Hettener-Hartshome tradition in Geography and how did it impacted Geography.

Model Answer-5. Discuss the role of Darwinism in fostering the philosophy of determinism in geography.

Model Answer-6 & 7. Critically describe the evolution of Environmental determinism. Add a note on its revival and its reasons.

Model Answer-8. The classical Environmental determinism witnessed a Decline but the concept on Man Environment relationship manifested itself in other paradigms which further shaped Geography as an Integrated Science. Explain.

Model Answer-9 &10. Although Humboldt & Ritter both of them were from the school of environmentalism both differed drastically from one another in many respects. What were these differences and how were they significant.

Model Answer-11. Discuss the contribution of American school to Possibilism.

Model Answer-12. Despite Regional concept being at the heart of concepts in Geography, it decline after 50’s, Discuss the factors for Decline of Regional Geography and the directions it took thereafter.

Model Answer-13. The concept of region as an identity of Geography has remained unchanged despite many shifts in principle and themes of geography.

Model Answer-14. The boundaries of the regions are more perceived than are actually quantified. Discuss the concept in the light of its characteristics.

Model Answer-15 & 16. Critically examine the changing perspective on the concept of areal differentiation.

Model Answer-17 & 18. Elaborate the concept of exceptionalism. Discuss in this light the impact of exceptionalism in Geography has on the discipline.

Model Answer-19. Despite all the limitations of quantitative approach, it had still impacted the subject comprehensively.

Model Answer-20. Briefly describe how Innovations diffuse. Describe the various Barriers to diffusion.

Model Answer-21. On Monte Carlo Simulation and diffusion of Innovations was a major symbol and fusion of Quantitative approach and Behavioural Geography. Exemplify.

Model Answer-22. What is diffusion of Innovations. Discuss its different types.

Model Answer-23. Locational analysis focusses on spatial arrangements and on the role of distance as a variable influencing the nature of those arrangements. Explain.

Model Answer-24. What has been the framework of Locational Analysis and Spatial Analysis. How did it impacted the discipline?

Model Answer-25. Critically examine the concept of positivism and logical positivism.

Model Answer-26. Discuss the concept, objectives, and salient features of behavioural approach in geography.

Model Answer-27. Analyse the development of behavioural approach in human geography.

Model Answer-28. Discuss the concept of Gestaltist School in Psychology and its relationship with behavioural Geography.

Model Answer-29. Distinguish between behaviourism and behaviouralism in its concept and characteristics.

Model Answer-30. Discuss the concept of Behavioural Revolution, and briefly describe its development.

Model Answer-31. Discuss the context of development of Behaviouralism in geography.

Model Answer-32. The study of "who gets what, where, and how" provides a welfare focus for human geography. Discuss.

Model Answer-33 & 34. Explain the critique provided by Humanistic approach in human geography.

Model Answer-35. Highlight the philosophies that make up the study of humanism in geography.

Model Answer-36. Highlight the methodologies in use for study of humanism in geography.

Model Answer-37. Write short notes on the following-Structuralism, Realism, Marxist Geography, Post-modernism.

Model Answer-38. Explain the concept of feminist Geography and its role and relationship with Socialist, Capitalist economy.

Model Answer-39. Radical approaches have lacked a consensus definition and coherence. Elaborate.

Model Answer-40. The study of "who gets what, where, and how" provides a welfare focus for human geography. Discuss.

Model Answer-41. Briefly describe various dualism and Dichotomies in Geography that frames the characteristics of Geography as a discipline.

PERSPECTIVES IN GEOGRPAHY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023

6. GEOMORPHOLOGY

SYLLABUS GEOMORPHOLOGY

0-BASIC CONCEPTS

1. Factors Controlling Landform Development

1A. Factors Controlling Landform Development (Class Lecture )

1. Synopsis (Factors Controlling Landform Development)

1. CHAPTER - FACTORS CONTROLLING LANDFORM DEVELOPMENT

2. Physical Conditions of the Earth's Interior

2A. Earth's Interior (Class Lecture)

2. Synopsis (Interior of the Earth)

2. CHAPTER-INTERIOR OF THE EARTH

3. GEOMAGNETISM NEW

3A. Geomagnetism narration

3B. Geomagnetism BOARD

3. SYNOPSIS-GEOMAGNETISM

3. CHAPTER-GEOMAGNETISM.doc

3C. Palaeomaganetism (Class Lecture )

3. Q & A Causes of geomagnetism and impact of polarity reversal

4 CONTINENTAL CRUST NEW

4A. CONTINENTAL CRUST NEW

4B. CRUST & WORLD PHYSIOGRAPHY NEW

4C. CRUST

4. Synopsis (Crust)

4. CHAPTER - THE CRUST

4. Q & A Explain the nature of shields and cratons with particularreference to India

4. Q & A Explain the nature of shields and cratons with particular reference to India

4. Q & A What are the differences between Cratons, Shields and platforms. Explain it taking example from India

4. Q & A What are the differences between Cratons, Shields and Platforms. Explain it taking example from India

5-Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor

5A. OCEAN BOTTOM RELIEF NEW

5B. Ocean Bottom Relief

5. SYNOPSIS

5. CHAPTER - OCEAN BOTTOM RELIEF

6. Endogenetic Forces

6A. Endogenic Movement (Class Lecture)

6. Synopsis (Endogenetic Movement)

6. Chapter (Endogenetic Forces)

7. Isostasy

7A. Isostasy (Class Lecture)

7. Synopsis (Isostasy)

7. CHAPTER - ISOSTASY

8. CONTINENTAL DRIFT NEW

8A. Continental Drift

8B. Continental Drift (Class Lecture)

8. Synopsis (Continental Drift)

8. CHAPTER CONTINENTAL DRIFT.doc

9A. PLATE TECTONICS BASICS NEW

9B. Plate Techtonics on board Part- I NEW

9B. Plate Techtonics on board Part- II NEW

9C. Plate Tectonics Presentation NEW

9D. Plate Tectonics Part -1

9D. Plate Tectonics Part-2

9E. Plate Tectonics -1 (Class Lecture)

9E. Plate Tectonics- 2 (Class Lecture)

9. Synopsis (Plate Tectonics)

9. CHAPTER PLATE TECTONICS-I

9. CHAPTER PLATE TECTONICS-II.doc

9. Q & A Despite all the limitations of Plate Tectonics, it is still the most unifying concept of Earth Science, able to explain almost every feature of the Earth's surface.

9. Q & A Despite all the limitations of Plate Tectonics, it is still the most unifying concept of Earth Science, able to explain almost every feature of the Earth’s surface

9. Q & A Discuss the concept of continental drift and briefly trace the developments that from here led to evolution ofthe concept of Plate Tectonics

9. Q & A-Given an account of the bottom topography of oceans and comment on the permanency of the ocean basins

9-Q & A Discuss the concept and alternative mechanisms of sea floor spreading

9-Q & A Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates

9. Q & A Discuss the concept of continental drift and briefly trace the developments that from here led to evolution of the concept of Plate Tectonics

9. Q & A Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates

9. Q & A--What are aulacogens, and how do they form

9. Q & A What are aulacogens, and how do they form

9A. ORIGIN EVOLUTION OF CONTINENTS AND OCEANS NEW

9A. Synopsis ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF CRUST

9A. Q & A Discuss the supercontinent cycle, its causes and the future of the world

9A. Q & A Discuss, the Supercontinent Cycle, its causes and the future of the world

10. Geosynclines

10A. Geosynclines (Class Lecture )

10. Synopsis (Geosynclines)

10. CHAPTER-GEOSYNCLINES & OROGENY.doc

10. Q & A Briefly, discuss the concept of geosynclines, and its recent modifications

10. Recent Views on Mountain Building

10. Q & A What are Irian Jaya and Cyprus models of mountain building Discuss its mechanism

11. VOLCANISM BASICS NEW

11A. Volcanism- BOARD

11B. Volcanism Narration Part-1

11C. Volcanism Part Narration-2

11D. Volcanism Part Narration-3

11E. Volcanism, Earth's Interior, Economic Geology (Class Lecture)

11. Synopsis (Volcanism)

11. CHAPTER VOLCANISM

11. Q & A Briefly, discuss the impact of volcanic eruptions. Are these effects negative?

11. Q & A Discuss the likely Impact of volcanic activity on aviation

12. EARTHQUAKES NEW

12A. Earthquake & Tsunami (Class Lecture)

12B. Earthquakes

12. Synopsis (Earthquakes)

12. CHAPTER EARTHQUAKES.doc

13. TSUNAMI NEW

13A. Tsunami on BOARD

13B. Tsunami Narration

13. Synopsis (Tsunami)

13. CHAPTER TSUNAMI.doc

14. DENUDATION NEW

14A. Denudation

14B. Denudation (Class Lecture)

14. Synopsis (Exogenous forces: Denudation)

14. CHAPTER DENUDATION-EXOGENETIC MOVEMENTS.doc

14. Q & A Explain the mechanism of mass movements, and differentiate between mud flow, solifluction and earthflow

15. FLUVIAL LANDFORMS NEW

15A-WORLD LANDFORMS Fluvial

15B. Fluvial Landforms

15. Synopsis (Surface Water and Processes)

15. CHAPTER FLUVIAL LANDFORMS

15. Q & A Describe floodplains, and the associated features

15. Q & A Describe floodplains, and the associated features

16. Channel Morphology

16A. Channel Morphology BOARD

16B. Channel Morphology

16C. Channel Morphology (Class Lecture)

16. Synopsis (Channel Morphology)

16. CHAPTER CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY

16. Q & A Channel Morphology

16. Q & A Explain the concept of Channel morphology and its typological characteristics

16. Q & A Explain with examples as to how channel dynamics has been responsible for the development of alluvial fans and cones

16. Q & A Describe various types of river channels and their form copy

17. Geohydrology

17A. Geohydrology BOARD

17. Synopsis (Geohydrology)

17. CHAPTER GEOHYDROLOGY.doc

17. Q & A Why is mapping important for geohydrological Investigations

17. Q & A Describe Groundwater in relation to great Artesian Basin

17. Q & A Describe various types of Aquifers and their utility

17. Q & A Discuss the reasons for the increasing significance of Geohydrology How does geohydrology improves the understanding of aquifers

17. Q & A Discuss the significance of Geohydrology

18. KARST LANDFORMS NEW

18A. Karst Landforms

18. Synopsis (Karst Landforms)

18. CHAPTER KARST LANDFORMS .doc

18-Q & A Describe Karst, and explain why karst landforms can be found only in specific regions

19. MARINE LANDFORMS NEW

19A. Marine Landforms

19. Synopsis (Marine Landforms)

19. CHAPTER MARINE LANDFORMS.doc

19. Q & A Describe the morphology and types of beaches and their significance

19. Q & A Discuss different types of Beaches and its formation

19. Q & A Discuss different types of Beaches and its formation.

19. Q & A Discuss types of beaches and its formation

20-ARID/AEOLIAN LANDFORMS

20A. Arid Topography

20. Synopsis (Arid Topography)

20. CHAPTER AEOLIAN LANDFORMS.doc

20. Q & A Discuss the Role of water in Desert regions and the topographic features formed of it

20. Q & A Identify different types of dune, illustrate them to show their formation

21. GLACIAL LANDFORMS NEW

21A. Glacial Landforms

21. Synopsis (Glacial Landforms)

21. CHAPTER GLACIAL LANDFORMS.doc

21. Q & A What are U- Shaped valley and its associated features

22. Geomorphic Cycle BOARD

22A. Geomorphic Cycle (Class Lecture)

22. Synopsis (Geomorphic Cycle)

22. CHAPTER GEOMORPHIC CYCLES.doc

22. Q & A Discuss Savana cycle of erosion

22. Q & A Discuss the concept of graded profile of a river and the factors to control it

23-CHAPTER SLOPE DEVELOPMENT.doc

23. Synopsis (Slope development)

23-Q & A Critically analyse the concept of Slope Development and the different views

23-Q & A Discuss different models of slope evolution

24. Denudation Chronology (Class Lecture)

24.Synopsis (Denudation Chronology)

24-CHAPTER DENUDATION CHRONOLOGY.doc

24-Q & A Explain the concept of denudation chronology in brief copy

25. EROSIONAL SURFACES NEW

25A. Erosion Surfaces BOARD

25B. Erosion Surface (Class Lecture)

25. Synopsis (Erosion Surface)

25-CHAPTER EROSION SURFACES .doc

25-Q & A Erosion Surfaces reflect the true history of the underlying surface and the region. Discuss

26-ECONOMIC GEOLOGY NEW

26A. Economic Geology BOARD

26B. Economic Geology (Class Lecture)

26. Synopsis (Economic Geology)

26. ECONOMIC GEOLOGY SYNOPSIS

26-CHAPTER ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.doc

26-Q & A Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources

26-Q & A What are petroleum and its type. Discuss its formation, migration and exploration

26-Q & A What are petroleum and its type. Discuss its formation migration and exploration

27. Applied Geomorphology

27A-COLLAPSE OF BRIDGES

27. Synopsis (Applied Geomorphology)

27-CHAPTER APPLIED GEOMORPHOLOGY.doc

27-Q & A Discuss the role of Geomorphology in Bridge Construction and tunnel construction

27-Q & A Critically examine the Impact of sand mining on terrain and landscape

27-Q & A Discuss the application of geomorphology in various fields giving examples

27-Q & A Discuss the pros and cons of 'systems approach' in geomorphology

27-Q & A Geomorphology finds itself applied in almost every day to day activity and phenomena. Explain

27-Q & A The study of the nature of terrain would play a major part in any strategic advantage India and China want to have Elaborate

27-Q & A Trace the evaluation and development of geomorphological thought in recent times

Test Paper - Geomorphology Geography

Geomorphology Question and Answer Analysis

GEOMORPHOLOGY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023

Model Answer-1. Planning of any area requires a study of the nature of terrain, landscape and processes in operation. Discuss how geomorphology can play a role in Regional Planning.

Q_02.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the nature of shields and cratons with particular reference to India.

Model Answer-2. Explain the nature of shields and cratons with particular reference to India.

Q_03.Model Ans. Discusssion- What are the differences between Cratons, Shields and Platforms. Explain it taking example from India.

Model Answer-3. What are the differences between Cratons, Shields and Platforms. Explain it taking example from India.

Model Answer-7 & 8. The study of the nature of terrain would play a major part in any strategic advantage India and China want to have. Elaborate.

Q_09.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates.

Model Answer-9. Explain the mantle plume mechanism for epeirogenic movement. How does it initiate breaking of plates.

Model Answer-10. Research of the land is of utmost importance in military operations to know the terrain and know how the enemy can react and respond. Discuss the application of geomorphology to Military Uses

Model Answer-14. Discuss the pros and cons of 'systems approach' in geomorphology.

Q_15.Model Ans. Discussion- Causes of geomagnetism and impact of polarity reversal.

Model Answer-15. Causes of geomagnetism and impact of polarity reversal.

Q_16.Model Ans. Discussion- What are aulacogens, and how do they form?

Model Answer-16. What are aulacogens, and how do they form?

Model Answer-17. Trace the evaluation and development of geomorphological thought in recent times.

Model Answer-18. Discuss the supercontinent cycle, its causes and the future of the world.

Q_19.Model Answer- Discuss, the .Given an account of the bottom topography of oceans and comment no the permanency of the ocean basins.

Model Answer-19. Discuss, the Supercontinent Cycle, its causes and the future of the world.

Q_20.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the concept of continental drift and briefly trace the developments that from here led to evolution of the concept of Plate Tectonics.

Model Answer-20. Discuss the concept of continental drift and briefly trace the developments that from here led to evolution of the concept of Plate Tectonics.

Model Answer-21. Discuss the concept and alternative mechanisms of sea floor spreading.

Q_22.Model Ans. Discussion- Despite all the limitations of Plate Tectonics, it is still the most unifying concept of Earth Science, able to explain almost every feature of the Earth’s surface.

Model Answer-22. Despite all the limitations of Plate Tectonics, it is still the most unifying concept of Earth Science, able to explain almost every feature of the Earth’s surface.

Model Answer-23. Although elastic rebound seems to be the primary mechanism causing earthquake the manner of it differs from place to place. Discuss.

Q_24.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the nature of Benioff Zone, What it is and how is it formed?

Model Answer-24. Explain the nature of Benioff Zone, What it is and how is it formed?

Q_25.Model Ans. Discussion- What are Irina Jaya and Cyprus models of mountain building? Discuss its mechanism.

Model Answer-25. What are Irina Jaya and Cyprus models of mountain building? Discuss its mechanism.

Model Answer-26. Briefly, discuss the concept of geosynclines, and its recent modifications.

Q_27.Model Ans. Discussion- Briefly, discuss the impact of volcanic eruptions. Are these effects negative.

Model Answer-27. Briefly, discuss the impact of volcanic eruptions. Are these effects negative.

Model Answer-28. Discuss the likely Impact of volcanic activity on aviation.

Model Answer-29. Briefly, discuss the concept of Tsunami, differentiate it's from storm surges and show how do they differ in its mechanism of generation?

Model Answer-30. Explain the mechanism of mass movements, and differentiate between mud flow, solifluction and earthflow.

Q_31.Model Ans. Discussion- Describe floodplains, and the associated features?

Model Answer-31. Describe floodplains, and the associated features?

Model Answer-32. What are U-shaped valley and its associated features.

Model Answer-33. Identify different types of dune, illustrate them to show their formation.

Model Answer-34. Discuss the Role of water in Desert regions and the topographic features formed of it.

Model Answer-35. Discuss the reasons for the increasing significance of Geohydrology? How does geohydrology improves the understanding of aquifers?

Model Answer-36. Describe Karst, and explain why karst landforms can be found only in specific regions?

Model Answer-37. Describe the morphology and types of beaches and their significance?

Q_38.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss different types of Beaches and its formation.

Model Answer-38. Discuss different types of Beaches and its formation.

Model Answer-39. What are U- Shaped valley and its associated features?

Model Answer-40. Discuss types of beaches and its formation.

Model Answer-41. What are the changes associated with approaching waves towards a shore.

Model Answer-42. Describe various types of river channels and their form.

Model Answer-43. Describe various types of river channels and its characteristics.

44. Channel Morphology

Model Answer-45. Explain the concept of Channel morphology and its typological characteristics?

Model Answer-46. Describe Groundwater in relation to great Artesian Basin.

Model Answer-47. Discuss the significance of Geohydrology.

Model Answer-48. Describe various types of Aquifers and their utility.

GEOMORPHOLOGY QS & ANS - 49

50. Denudation Chronology

GEOMORPHOLOGY QS & ANS - 51

Model Answer-52. Critically analyse the concept of Slope Development and the different views.

Model Answer-53. Discuss different models of slope evolution.

Model Answer-55. Explain with examples as to how channel dynamics has been responsible for the development of alluvial fans and cones.

Model Answer-56. Erosion Surfaces reflect the true history of the underlying surface and the region. Discuss

Model Answer-57. Discuss the concept of graded profile of a river and the factors to control it.

Model Answer-58. Discuss Savana cycle of erosion.

Q_59.Model Ans. Discussion-Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources.

Model Answer-59. Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction and processing of mineral resources.

Model Answer-60. Geology has provided a lot of benefit to mankind from economic perspective but at the cost of high environmental price. Discuss?

Model Answer-61. Discuss the origin, exploration, extraction, and processing of mineral resources.

Q_62.Model Ans. Discussion- What are petroleum and its type. Discuss its formation migration and exploration.

Model Answer-62. What are petroleum and its type. Discuss its formation migration and exploration.

Model Answer-63. The study of the nature of terrain would play a major part in any strategic advantage India and China want to have Elaborate.

Model Answer-64. Geomorphology finds itself applied in almost every day to day activity and phenomena. Explain.

Model Answer-65. Discuss the application of geomorphology in various fields giving examples.

66. Structure

Model Answer-67. Critically examine the Impact of sand mining on terrain and landscape.

Q_68.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the role of Geomorphology in Bridge Construction and tunnel construction.

Model Answer-68. Discuss the role of Geomorphology in Bridge Construction and tunnel construction.

7. CLIMATOLOGY

SYLLABUS CLIMATOLOGY

28. Composition of Atmosphere Class Lecture (Part-1)

28. Composition of Atmosphere Class Lecture (Part-2)

28. Composition of Atmosphere Class Lecture (Part-3)

28-CHAPTER COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

29. Synopsis (Structure of Atmosphere)

29-CHAPTER-STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

29-Q & A Give an account of thermal structure of atmosphere with the changing height.Under what circumstances does the thermal structure gets disturbed

30. NATURE OF RADIATING & INSOLATION BASICS

30A. Insolation (Class Lecture)

30B. Insolation BOARD

30C. Heat Budget of the Earth

30. Synopsis (Nature of Radiation and Insolation)

30-CHAPTER-INSOLATION AND HEAT BUDGET

30. Synopsis (Heat Budget of the Earth)

31. TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION, TEMPERATURE BELTS NEW

31. Synopsis (Temperature)

31-CHAPTER TEMPERATURE

32. PRESSURE DIFFERENCES & PRESSURE BELTS NEW

32A. Pressure & Winds BOARD

32B. Pressure Belts of the World Presentation

32-SYNOPSIS PRESSURE AND PRESSURE BELTS

32-CHAPTER PRESSURE & PRESSURE BELTS

33. Atmospheric circulation BOARD

33. Synopsis (Planetary winds)

33. Synopsis (Atmospheric circulation)

33-ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

34. JET STREAM NEW

34A. Jet Stream BOARD

34B. Jet Stream (Class Lecture)

34. Synopsis (Jet stream)

34-CHAPTER JET STREAM

35- HUMIDITY, STABILITY, INSTABILITY

35A. Humidity (Class Lecture)

35. Synopsis (Humidity)

35-CHAPTER ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY

36. Air Stability and Instability (Class Lecture)

36. Synopsis (Atmospheric stability and instability)

36-CHAPTER AIR STABILITY & INSTABILITY

37. Precipitation Part- 1

37. Precipitation Part- 2

37A. Precipitation (Class Lecture)

37. Synopsis (Precipitation)

37-CHAPTER PRECIPITATION

37-MODEL ANSWER DISCUSSION Despite lying close to equator Somalia is a desert. Explain

38-AIR MASSES NEW

38A. Air Masses

38B-Air Masses Narration

38C. Air Masses (Class Lecture)

38. Synopsis (Air Masses)

38-CHAPTER AIR MASSES

39-TEMPERATE CYCLONES & FRONTOGENESIS NEW

39A. Temperate Cyclone

39. Synopsis (Temperate Cyclone)

39-CHAPTER FRONTS & TEMPERATE CYCLONES

40-TROPICAL CYCLONES NEW

40A. Tropical Cyclones

40B. Structure of tropical cyclones

40C. Temperate and Tropical Cyclones- Comparison

40- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMPERATE & TROPICAL CYCLONE NEW

40. Synopsis (Tropical Cyclones)

40-CHAPTER TROPICAL CYCLONES

41-CHAPTER ANTICYCLONES

42A. Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local Winds

42B. Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local Winds (Class Lecture)

42-MICROBURST NEW

42-CLOUD BURSTS NEW

42-THUNDERSTORM NEW

42-Synopsis (Tertiary Atmospheric Circulation-Local winds)

42-CHAPTER TERTIARY ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

43- URBAN CLIMATE NEW

43A. Urban Climate (Class Lecture)

43. Synopsis (Urban Climate)

43-CHAPTER URBAN CLIMATE

44-CLIMATE CHANGE BASICS NEW

44A. Climatic Change Part-I

44A. Climatic Change Part-II

44B. Climatic change (Class Lecture)

44. Synopsis (Global Climatic Change)

44-CHAPTER CLIMATIC CHANGE

44-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE GLOBAL WARMING (ENRICHMENT)

44-UNKNOWN UNNOTICEABLE CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE (ENRICHMENT)

44- NORTH AMERICAN HEAT WAVE & DOME

45-CHAPTER CLIMATIC CLASSIFICATION

46-CHAPTER APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY

46-Synopsis (Applied Climatology)

Indian Monsoons

Test Paper - Climatology

Climatology Previous Year Questions bank

Climatology Question and Answer Analysis

Q_01.Model Ans. Discussion- Give an account of thermal structure of atmosphere with the changing height. Under what circumstances the thermal structure does gets disturbed?

Model Answer-1. Give an account of thermal structure of atmosphere with the changing height. Under what circumstances the thermal structure does gets disturbed?

Q_02.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the nature and characteristics of Ionosphere. How does Ionosphere reflect radio waves back?

Model Answer-2. Discuss the nature and characteristics of Ionosphere. How does Ionosphere reflect radio waves back?

Model Answer-3. Give an account of the Origin of atmosphere. How has that been different from origin of the earth?

Model Answer-4. The evolution of Subtropical high and its characteristics and maintenance has been by a complex set of factors not only temperature. Analyse the set of factors for evolution as well as maintenance.

Model Answer-5. The atmospheric composition is not constant in space and time. Explain

Q_06.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the movement of Insolation as part of energy transfer between Sun and Earth. What changes are associated with this movement.

Model Answer-6. Explain the movement of Insolation as part of energy transfer between Sun and Earth. What changes are associated with this movement.

Model Answer-7. Write a short note on Equatorial Westerlies and their impacts.

Model Answer-8. Discuss the mechanism of radiation and Heat budget. Is the earth getting progressively warmer?

Q_09.Model Ans. Discussion- Pressure changes are not associated with temperature as much as they are with upper air circulation. Discuss.

Model Answer-9. Pressure changes are not associated with temperature as much as they are with upper air circulation. Discuss.

Q_10, 11 & 12. Model Ans. Discussion-The Hadley cell does not accomplish either transfer of energy nor angular momentum in the atmosphere. Explain it.

Model Answer-10, 11 & 12. The Hadley cell does not accomplish either transfer of energy nor angular momentum in the atmosphere. Explain it.

Model Answer-13. What do you understand by the concept thermal winds? Identify the major manifestation of thermal winds in the world.

Model Answer-14. Discuss the characteristics of Ferrell cell. What role it play in weather phenomena?

Q_15Model Ans. Discussion- How does the atmosphere maintain hydrostatic equilibrium? What is the significance of this hydrostatic equilibrium?

Model Answer-15. How does the atmosphere maintain hydrostatic equilibrium? What is the significance of this hydrostatic equilibrium?

Model Answer-16. Analyse the different scalar levels of atmospheric circulation along with its brief description.

Q_17.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the evidences in favour of General Circulation of Atmosphere. What are the exceptions to GCM.

Model Answer-17. Discuss the evidences in favour of General Circulation of Atmosphere. What are the exceptions to GCM.

Model Answer-18. How does the atmosphere maintain hydrostatic equilibrium? What is the significance of this hydrostatic equilibrium?

Q_19.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the mechanism of Rossby wave formation. How do Rossby Waves determine the poleward transfer of energy?

Model Answer-19. Explain the mechanism of Rossby wave formation. How do Rossby Waves determine the poleward transfer of energy?

Q_20.Model Ans. discussion- What do you understand by the concept thermal winds? Identify the major manifestation of thermal winds in the world.

Model Answer-20. What do you understand by the concept thermal winds? Identify the major manifestation of thermal winds in the world.

Model Answer-21. Discuss the index cycle of the jet streams as well as its significance, in atmospheric circulation.

Model Answer-22. Discuss how do the characteristics of different jet streams determine the weather pattern of the world.

Model Answer-23. Give an account of lightning formation and thunderstorm. How do lightning affect weather conditions?

Model Answer-24. Explain the Difference between fog, mist and dew.

Q_25.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the concept of evaporation, and the factors on which it is dependent? How does evaporation determine the weather phenomena?

Model Answer-25. Discuss the concept of evaporation, and the factors on which it is dependent? How does evaporation determine the weather phenomena?

Q_26.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the relationship between stability and weather conditions.

Model Answer-26. Discuss the relationship between stability and weather conditions.

Q_27.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain Tropical atmospheric instability and its impact.

Model Answer-27. Explain Tropical atmospheric instability and its impact.

Model Answer-28. Discuss the mechanism of atmospheric instability and the conditions that promote it.

Q_29.Model Ans. Discusson- The northern Indian plains have witnessed a series of thunderstorms and dust storms with differential severity. Explain its causes and weather impacts.

Model Answer-29. The northern Indian plains have witnessed a series of thunderstorms and dust storms with differential severity. Explain its causes and weather impacts.

Model Answer-30. The atmospheric instability is the key to understand various atmospheric distributions. Elaborate.

Q_31.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the Ice Crystal Theory or Cloud Instability Theory of Bergeron Fiendeson. How can cloud seeding and artificial rain be connected to it.

Model Answer-31. Discuss the Ice Crystal Theory or Cloud Instability Theory of Bergeron Fiendeson. How can cloud seeding and artificial rain be connected to it.

Model Answer-32. Discuss the Simpson Mason theory on Collision-Coalescence process. To what extent is it going to be acceptable?

Model Answer-33. Explain the major techniques of cloud seeding and problems associated with it.

Model Answer-34. Despite lying close to equator, Somali Is a Desert. Explain the reasons behind such an exception.

Q_35.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain why there is so much amount of regional difference between the rains of Mid Latitude westerly regions.

Model Answer-35. Explain why there is so much amount of regional difference between the rains of Mid Latitude westerly regions.

Model Answer-36. Explain the relationship between maritime climate and Atmosphere?

Model Answer-37. There is no other factor more important for Climate and Weather than the Oceans. Comment.

Q_38&39.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the sequence of weather found along a temperate cyclone.

Model Answer-38 & 39. Discuss the sequence of weather found along a temperate cyclone.

Model Answer-40. Make a distinction between Cyclones and Anticyclones and differentiate between the major characteristics of cold and warm anti cyclones.

Model Answer-41 & 42. Explain the role of mountains and mountains as an obstruction in generating weather phenomena particularly in tropical areas taking examples.

Model Answer-43. Explain the origin, distribution and characteristics of tornadoes.

Q_44.Model Ans. Discussion- What is the significance of UCL and UBL and how is that they define Urban climate.

Model Answer-44. What is the significance of UCL and UBL and how is that they define Urban climate.

Q_45.Model Ans. Discusson- Explain the tools that can be used for the forecasting of tropical cyclones. Add a note on the mitigation measures of tropical cyclones.

Model Answer-45. Explain the tools that can be used for the forecasting of tropical cyclones. Add a note on the mitigation measures of tropical cyclones.

Q_46.Model Ans. Discussion- What pre emptive steps are required for managing tropical cyclones during its occurrence as well as in aftermath?

Model Answer-46. What pre emptive steps are required for managing tropical cyclones during its occurrence as well as in aftermath?

Model Answer-47. Discuss the major monsoon climates of the world.

Model Answer-48. Compare Koppen and Trewartha's classification of world climates.

Model Answer-49. Examine critically the drawbacks of Koppen's classification of climates. Explain how Thornthwaite attempted to overcome Koppen’s limitations.

Q_50.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the concept of climatic changes and show how the term has been used or misused in practice.

Model Answer-50. Discuss the concept of climatic changes and show how the term has been used or misused in practice.

Q_51.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the origin of feedback mechanism as part of Climatic Change.

Model Answer-51. Discuss the origin of feedback mechanism as part of Climatic Change.

Model Answer-52. Discuss the concept of Global warming and its projected consequences. How has been international response to that?

Model Answer-54. The only thing constant in climate is change. Explain it with evidences and reasons.

Model Answer-55. Analyze the different scalar levels of climate change along with its causes.

Model Answer-56. Discuss the projected impact of recent climate change on the climate extremes.

Model Answer-57. What do you understand by the term 'climate forcing Discuss the probable impact of increased concentration of greenhouse gases on the heat budget of the earth.

Q_58.Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the application Of Climatology to Human Activities.

Model Answer-58. Discuss the application Of Climatology to Human Activities.

Q_60.Model Ans. Discussion- What are the different application of climatology to aviation and transport?

Model Answer-60. What are the different application of climatology to aviation and transport?

CLIMATOLOGY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023

8. OCEANOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS OCEANOGRAPHY

Bathymetry

Synopsis (Bathymetry of the Ocean Floor)

Ocean Bottom Relief BOARD

Ocean Bottom Relief

Synopsis (Ocean Bottom Topography)

Chapter (Ocean Bottom Topography)

47- HEAT BUDGET &TEMPERATURE

47A-Temperature Distribution in Ocean

47-Synopsis (Temperature)

47- Synopsis (Heat Budget)

47-CHAPTER OCEAN TEMPERATURE

48-SALT BUDGET NEW

48A- Salt Budget

48B- WATER MASSES NEW

48- Synopsis (Salt Budget)

48C- SALINITY OF OCEANS NEW

48D- Salinity

48-SYNOPSIS SALINITY

48-CHAPTER SALINITY & SALT BUDGET

49-Ocean Circulation NEW

49A-Ocean Circulation- BOARD

49-Synopsis (Ocean Circulation)

49-CHAPTER OCEAN CIRCULATION

50-WAVES NEW

50A- Waves- BOARD

50- Synopsis (Waves)

50-CHAPTER WAVES

51- Tides

50- Synopsis (Tides)

51-CHAPTER TIDES

52-VIDEO EXPLANATION SEA LEVEL CHANGE

52-SYNOPSIS SEA LEVEL CHANGE

52-CHAPTER SEA LEVEL CHANGES.doc

53- Coral Reefs BOARD

53- SYNOPSIS (Coral Reefs)

53-CHAPTER CORAL REEFS

54- Coral Bleaching BOARD

54A- CORAL BLEACHING

54-DISCUSS THE MECHANISM OF Coral Bleaching

54- Synopsis (Coral Bleaching)

54-CHAPTER CORAL BLEACHING

55- Ocean Deposits

55- Synopsis (Ocean Deposits)

55-CHAPTER OCEAN DEPOSITS

56- Synopsis (Marine Resources)

56-CHAPTER MARINE RESOURCES

57-MARINE Thermal Pollution NEW

57-CHAPTER MARINE POLLUTION

58- Law of the sea

58- Synopsis (Law of the Sea)

58-CHAPTER LAW OF SEA

Test paper - Oceanography

Oceanography Previous Year Question Bank

Oceanography Question and Answer Analysis

Model Answer-1. Give a reasoned account of ocean bottom topography of the Atlantic Ocean.

Q_01. Give a reasoned account of Ocean Bottom Topography of the Atlantic Ocean

Model Answer-2. Compare the bottom topography of Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

Q_03 .Model Answer: Discuss, with examples, how plate tectonics explains Ocean Bottom Relief.

Model Answer-3. Discuss, with examples, how of plate tectonics explains Ocean Bottom Relief.

Q_04 .Model Ans. Discussion- Examine the relationship between ocean bottom relief and maritime geopolitics.

Model Answer-4. Examine the relationship between ocean bottom relief and maritime geopolitics.

Q_05. Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the temperature distribution in Oceans, both horizontally and vertically.

Model Answer-5. Discuss the temperature distribution in Oceans, both horizontally and vertically.

Q_06. Model Ans. Discussion- What are the principle sources and sinks of elements dissolved in seawater? Explain how the totals of these sources and sinks must be approximately balanced.

Model Answer-6. What are the principle sources and sinks of elements dissolved in seawater? Explain how the totals of these sources and sinks must be approximately balanced.

Model Answer-7. Discuss the origin of sea water and the balance that it maintains in its composition.

Model Answer-8. Discuss the conservation of oceanic salinity? Are the oceans getting saltier?

Q_09. Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the process of formation of circulatory gyres by the currents in the oceans.

Model Answer-9. Discuss the process of formation of circulatory gyres by the currents in the oceans.

Q_10. Model Ans. Discussion-Discuss the concept of water masses with special reference to AABW.

Model Answer-10. Discuss the concept of water masses with special reference to AABW.

Q_11. Model Ans. Discussion- Explain the mechanism of wave refraction. How do groynes and obstructions affect wave refraction?

Model Answer-11. Explain the mechanism of wave refraction. How do groynes and obstructions affect wave refraction?

Q_12. Model Ans. Discussion- What is Langmuir circulation? Explain it along with its distribution.

Model Answer-12. What is Langmuir circulation? Explain it along with its distribution.

Q_13.Model Ans. Discussion- What is Thermohaline circulation, and what are the implications of its obstruction.

Model Answer-13 & . What is Thermohaline circulation, and what are the implications of its obstruction.

Model Answer-15. What are the Changes associated with Ocean Currents as it moves from South Atlantic to Western Europe.

Model Answer-16. What is Thermohaline circulation and what will be impact when it is disrupted.

Model Answer-17. Write a short not on 'Ekman Spiral'. How does it explain western intensification?

Model Answer-18. Give a reasoned analysis of the currents of the Atlantic Ocean.

Model Answer-19. The El Nino represents one of the best interactions between oceanic and atmospheric circulation. Explain with the impact that ENSO is likely to have.

Model Answer-20. What is Westward Intensification of Currents? How does it form? Explain with examples.

Model Answer-21. What are tide generating forces and how are they responsible for the characteristics of tidal wave?

Q_22. Model Ans. Discussion- Explain wave dynamics in closed ocean basins and water bodies.

Model Answer-22. Explain wave dynamics in closed ocean basins and water bodies.

Model Answer-23. Discuss the formation of progressive waves in the oceans.

Q_24. Model Ans. Discussion- What are mechanisms of formation of Rip Currents?

Model Answer-24. What are mechanisms of formation of Rip Currents?

Q_25. Model Ans. Discussion-What are the Changes associated with approaching waves towards a shore with a headland.

Model Answer-25. What are the Changes associated with approaching waves towards a shore with a headland.

Model Answer-26. Give an account of the major marine biotic provinces.

Model Answer-27. Briefly discuss the deep-water marine ecosystem with an additional note on the uniqueness of the system.

Model Answer-28. Evaluate the subsidence theory of coral reef formation.

Model Answer-29. Compare the Subsidence Theory with Glacial Theory of coral reef formation.

Model Answer-30. Discuss the Karstic Saucer Theory of Atoll formation.

Model Answer-31. The geographical theories are speculative. Explain how corals cement themselves into reefs.

Model Answer-32. Corals reefs are the most diverse ecological systems in the sea. Explain the form and reasons behind its diversity and comment on the recent problems being faced.

Q_33. Model Ans. Discussion- Discuss the mechanism of Coral Bleaching.

Model Answer-33. Discuss the mechanism of Coral Bleaching.

Model Answer-35. Analyse the distribution of organic deposits in the world oceans.

Model Answer-36. Describe the characteristics of different types of pelagic deposits.

Q_37. Model Ans. Discussion- Why do sea level changes take place? What are the likely effects of sea level changes.

Model Answer-37. Why do sea level changes take place? What are the likely effects of sea level changes.

Model Answer-38. Distinguish between isostatic and eustatic processes that cause sea level to change. How do these processes complicate efforts to measure changes in global sea level by measuring sea-level heights at various coastlines.

Model Answer-39. Discuss the role of UNCLOS in protecting the South China Sea's Marine environment. . The United Nations Convention on Law of Sea, although comprehensive in dealing with marine pollution, has left many pressing issues unanswered. Discuss.

Model Answer-40. Explain Law of the Sea and Blue water Navy as a policy mechanism.

Model Answer-41. Explain the characteristics of Exclusive Economic Zones. What are the issues surrounding EEZ.

Model Answer-42. Explain the evolution of the main provisions of low of Sea treaty and Low does it stands today.

Model Answer-43. Trace the evolution of Law of Sea.

Model Answer-44. The Law of Sea finally culminated in demarcation of Maritime zones. What are these zones and what are their characteristics.

Q_45.Model Ans. Discussion- Explain how Law of the Sea has its relationship with evolution of Blue water Navy as a policy mechanism.

Model Answer-45. Explain how Law of the Sea has its relationship with evolution of Blue water Navy as a policy mechanism.

Model Answer-46. Analyse the distribution of deep sea minerals in the oceans. Also discuss the major issues involved in deep sea mining.

Model Answer-47. Discuss the form, reasons and control of oil pollution?

Model Answer-48. Discuss the extent of marine debris in the oceans. Explain the major international efforts taken in this regards.

Model Answer-49. The development of marine resources must go side by side of the present state of economic growth in order to achieve sustainable growth.

Model Answer-50. Explain the relationship between maritime climate and Atmosphere?

OCEANOGRAPHY PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023

9. BIO-ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

SYLLABUS BIO-ENVIRONMENT GEOGRAPHY

0- Introduction (Class Lecture)

59-Ecosystem concept (New)

59-VIDEO EXPLANATION Ecosystem concept PPT

59A- Ecosystem Concept

59- Synopsis (Ecosystem Concept)

59- CHAPTER ECOSYSTEM

60-Types of ECOSYSTEMS (New)

60-Ecosystem concept PPT

60A- Ecosystem, Types of Ecosystems, Laws of Ecology (Class Lecture)

60- Synopsis (Types of Ecosystems)

60-CHAPTER TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM

60B- Nature and its Perspective (Class Lecture)

60 (i)- LOCAL ECOSYSTEM

60 (i)-LOCAL ECOSYSTEM PPT

60- Chapter (Local Ecosystems)

61-LAWS OF ECOLOGY (NEW)

61-LAWS OF ECOLOGY PPT

61A- Laws of Ecology

61- Synopsis (Laws of Ecology)

61-CHAPTER LAWS OF ECOLOGY

62-SOIL Genesis (New)

62A- Soil Genesis

62- Synopsis (Soil Genesis)

60-MINI CHAPTER SOIL GENESIS

62-CHAPTER SOIL PROFILE AND ORIGIN

62- Chapter (Soil Genesis, Soil Profile, Soil Classification)

62 (i). SOIL PROFILE (New)

62-SOIL PROFILE PPT

62 (i) A- SOIL PROFILE

62 (i)- Synopsis (Soil Profile)

63- SOIL CLASSIFICATION BASIS

63-SOIL CLASSIFICATION BASIS PPT

63A-SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL

63B- Soil Classification

63C-SOIL CLASSIFICATION- 7th APPROXIMATION

63- Synopsis (Soil Classification)

63-CHAPTER SOIL CLASSIFICATION

63. soil capabilities PPT-ENRICHMENT

64-FLORA (PLANT) & FAUNA (ANIMAL) DISTRIBUTION

64-Factors influencing World distribution of Fauna and Flora PPT

64A-PLANT DISTRIBUTION IN THE WORLD

64B- Factor affecting Animal Distribution (CLASS LECTURE)

64C- Factor affecting Animal Distribution

64- Animals Biomes (CLASS PRESENTATION)

64- Synopsis (Factor affecting Animal and Plant Distribution)

64-CHAPTER PLANT ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION

65-BIOME INTRODUCTION NEW

65A-BIOME INTRODUCTION EXPLANATION

65B- Biomes Part-I

65C- Biomes Part-II

65- Synopsis (Biomes)

65-CHAPTER BIOMES

65-- EQUATORIAL RAINFOREST

65-- TROPICAL MONSOON BIOME

65 -- Cold Temperate Continental Type -TAIGA BIOME

65-- TEMPERATE WESTERN MARGIN (BRITISH TYPE)

65-- Warm Temperate Eastern Margin - Natural Vegetation _ Biome-China Type

65-- STEPPE BIOME

65-- MEDITERRANEAN BIOME

65--TROPICAL DESERT BIOME

65-- TROPICAL SAVANA BIOME

65-- POLAR BIOME

66-GENE POOL

66-Gene pool PPT

66- Synopsis (Gene Pool Centres)

66-CHAPTER GENE POOL CENTRE doc

66-MODEL ANSWER Gene Pool Centres

67A-HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

67B-HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION (BOARD)

67C-HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION (DOCUMENTARY)

67D- Human Ecological Adaptations

67E- Human Ecological Adaptations (Class Lecture)

67- Synopsis (Human Ecological Adaptations)

67-CHAPTER HUMAN ECOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

68- HUMAN IMPACT-GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES

68-GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES PPT

68- Human Impact on Natural Environment

68B- Environmental Degradation (Class Lecture)

68-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT-ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

69- Chapter (Natural Environment)

69-OZONE DEPLETION

69-Ozone Depletion & Ozone Hole pptx

69-SYNOPSIS Ozone depletion and Ozone Hole

69-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON ATMOSPHERE

70-HUMAN IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE NEW

70- Human Impact on the Climate

70- Synopsis (Human Impact on Climate)

70-AEROSOLS

70-Aerosols PPT

70-ACID RAIN

70-Acid rain PPT

70-ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE & CLIMATE

70-GLOBAL CLIMATIC CHANGE

70-Global cooling PPT

70-Global climatic change & human response PPT

70-Global Cooling

70-Global Warming

70- Global Warming (Class Lecture)

70-HUMAN IMPACT-UNNOTICEABLE CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

70-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING PPT

70-TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE _ GLOBAL WARMING

70-CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING

70-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON CLIMATE

70-ENRICHMENT CLIMATIC CHANGE

70-ENRICHMENT TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE & GLOBAL WARMING

71- HUMAN IMPACT ON LAND.

71-HUMAN IMPACT ON LAND PPT

71-SOIL DEGRADATION NEW

71A- Land Degradation

71B-Soil Degradation and Conservation

71- Degradation ENRICHMENT

71- Chapter (Degradation)

71- Synopsis (Land degradation)

71- Desertification

71-Dsertification PPT

71- Synopsis (Desertification)

71-Desertification in India PPT

71-Dsertification. impact management & conserve PPT

72- Human Impact on Water

72- Human Impact on Water (Class Lecture)

72- Synopsis (Human Impact on Water)

72-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON WATER

73- Human Impact on Ecosystem

73-HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM – EXTINCTION _ EXTERMINATION

73-Extinction & Extermination PPT

73- Synopsis (Human Impact on Ecosystem-- BIOMAGNIFICATION)

73-CHAPTER HUMAN IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM

73A- Global Ecological Imbalance

73A- Synopsis (Global Ecological Imbalances)

74-CHAPTER POLLUTION

74- Synopsis (Pollution)

74 -- Marine Pollution PPT

74 -- Noise Pollution PPT

74 -- POLLUTION - POLLUTANTS

74 -- Pollution - Pollutants PPT

74 -- SOIL POLLUTION

74A- Soil Salination (Class Lecture)

74B- Soil Laterization (Class Lecture)

74 --Thermal Pollution

74 -- Thermal Pollution PPT

74 -- TRACE METAL POLLUTION

74 -- Trace Metal Pollution PPT

74 -- WATER POLLUTION

74 -- Water Pollution PPT

74 -- Water Pollution & Its Control Measures PPT

75A-BIODIVERSITY NEW

75B-BIODIVERSITY- VALUE _ SIGNIFICANCE NEW

75C- BIODIVERSITY LOSS- EXTENT, CAUSES _ IMPACT NEW

75D- BIODIVERSITY - CONSERVATION NEW

75- Biodiversity Part-I

75- Biodiversity Part-II

75- Biodiversity Part-I (Class Lecture)

75- Biodiversity Part-II (Class Lecture)

75- Synopsis (Biodiversity)

75-CHAPTER BIODIVERSITY & ITS MANAGEMENT

76A- FOREST RESOURCES

76B- SIGNIFICANCE OF FORESTS

76C-FOREST RESOURCES PROBLEMS-DEFORESTATION

76D- FOREST CONSERVATION - CONTROLLING DEFORESTATION

76- Forest Conservation

76- Synopsis (Forest Conservation)

76-CHAPTER FOREST CONSERVATION

76-FOREST FIRE

76-AMAZON FOREST FIRES ENRICHMENT

77-WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

77- Wildlife Conservation

77- Synopsis (Wildlife Conservation)

77-CHAPTER WILDLIFE CONSERVATION

78-ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT PPT

78-CHAPTER ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT

79-SOCIAL FORESTRY

80-A. sustainable development

80-B. sutainable development objectives & nonsustainable PPT

80-C. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT-QUANTATIVE INDICATORS

80-D. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT- CHANGES & STRATEGIES REQUIRED

80-E. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT_PRIORITY AREAS

80- Sustainable Development

80-ENRICHMENT Sustainable Urban Development

80- Sustainable Development (Class Lecture)

80- Synopsis (Sustainable Development)

80-CHAPTER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

81A. Environmental Impact assessment (EIA)

81A. - EIA PPT

81B. - Environmental Impact assessment-INDIA

81B. - EIA in India PPT

81C. Environmental Impact assessment-DRAWBACKS & CONSTRAINTS

81C. - EIA drawbacks & constraints PPT

81- Environmental Impact Assessment

81- Environmental Impact Assessment (Class Lecture)

81- Synopsis (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA))

81-CHAPTER EIA

82-Environmental legislation pptx

82.- Synopsis (Environmental Legislation)

82-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION

83-ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

83- Synopsis (Environmental Education)

83-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

84-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

85-Environmental Awareness PPT

85.- Synopsis (Environmental awareness)

85-CHAPTER ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

86- Ecosystem Management

86- Synopsis (Ecosystem Management)

86- Chapter (Ecosystem Management)

87. ENRICHMENT -TACKLING CLIMATIC CHANGE _ GLOBAL WARMING

87. ENRICHMENT - FOREST FIRE

87-DRYING UP OF LAKES ENRICHMENT

87. Drying up of lakes PPT

87. ENRICHMENT - WETLANDS ECOLOGY

87. ENRICHMENT - AMAZON FOREST FIRES

87. ENRICHMENT - GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN

87. ENRICHMENT - HIMALAYAN GLACIERS

87. ENRICHMENT - LANDSLIDES IN HIMALAYAS

87. ENRICHMENT - LOCUST ATTACK

87. ENRICHMENT - PANGOLINS

87. ENRICHMENT - VULTURES

Test Paper - BioEnvironment

BIOENVIRONMENTAL PYQ TILL 2022 & NEW QS FOR 2023

Bio Environmental Geography Question and Answer Analysis

Model Ans. Discussion-1. Discuss the concept of ecological succession. Why does succession take place, and how does it precedes.

Model Answer-1. Discuss the concept of ecological succession. Why does succession take place, and how does it precedes.

Model Ans. Discussion-2. Ecological adaptations of human are more cultural adaptations rather than biological.

Model Answer-2. Ecological adaptations of human are more cultural adaptations rather than biological" Elaborate.

Model Answer-3. Explain the meaning of 'there is no such thing as free lunch and its significance.

Model Answer-4. Ecological adaptations of human beings are variable in space and time. Discuss.

Model Answer-5. Their environment shapes the morphological characteristics of human beings. Discuss with examples.

Model Answer-6. Discuss the concept of human ecological adaptation, and analyse the various forms?

Model Answer-7. Their environment shapes the morphological characteristics of human beings. Discuss with examples.

Model Answer-8. Discuss the various methods of soil conservation, in particular the new methods that are sustainable.

Model Answer-9. Discuss the major soil forming processes.

Model Answer-10. Explain the major soils orders according to USDA soil classification.

Model Ans. Discussion-11. Discuss the basis on which soils can be classified. Which classification will you use and why?

Model Answer-11. Discuss the basis on which soils can be classified. Which classification will you use and why?

Model Answer-12. Give an account of black soils and its characteristics accounting for the variation in its characteristics from region to region.

Model Ans. Discussion-13. Explain the relative role of biota on Soil formation. How does it determine the fertility of the soil?

Model Answer-13. Explain the relative role of biota on Soil formation. How does it determine the fertility of the soil?

Model Answer-14. Discuss the Mechanism of transformation processes of soil. How does this affect soil fertility?

Model Ans. Discussion-15. What do you understand by the term dispersal of species? Discuss the barriers to dispersal.

Model Answer-15. What do you understand by the term dispersal of species? Discuss the barriers to dispersal.

Model Answer-16. Discuss the role of environmental factors in the distribution of plants and animals.

Model Answer-17. Megatherms, microtherms and mesotherms determine almost all plant types. Discuss.

Model Answer-18. Winds have more effect on the plant distribution than merely acting as an atmospheric agent.

Model Answer-19. Critically examine the human influence on plant and animal distribution.

Model Answer-20. Discuss the factors and obstruction in dispersal of plants and animals.

Model Answer-21. Discuss the concept of adaptive radiation? How has it aided evolution and evolutionary forms?

Model Ans. Discussion-22.a. Explain the climate vegetation relationship between climate and desert biome.

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 22

Model Ans. Discussion-22.b. Explain the fresh Water Ecosystem and its division. Add a brief note on recent problems.

Model Ans. Discussion-23. Give a brief account of adaptation of plants in the Tundra region.

Model Answer-23. Give a brief account of adaptation of plants in the Tundra region.

Model Answer-24. Describe the various animal adaptations in the Tundra regions.

Model Ans. Discussion-25. Discuss the relationship between desert climate in relation to its adaptation to plants and animals.

Model Answer-26. Write a short note on gene pool centers, and its implication for Genetic diversity.

Model Answer-27. Discuss the concept and centers of gene pool. Discuss it in relation to the genetic wealth of India.

Model Answer-28. Write a short note on gene pool centres and its implication for Genetic Diversity.

29. Analyse the reasons for human ecological dominance. How do humans control and manipulate their environment.

Model Answer-30. Analyse the evolution of the reasons for human ecological dominance. How do humans control and manipulate their environment.

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS - 31 Video

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 31

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 32

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 33

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 34

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 35

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS - 36 Video

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 36

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 37

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 38

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 39

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 40

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 41

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS - 42 Video

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 42

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 43

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 44

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 45

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 46

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS - 47 Video

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 47

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 48

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 49

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 50

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 51

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 52

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 53

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS - 54 Video

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 54

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 55

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 56

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 57

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 58

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 59

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 60

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 61

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 62

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 63

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 64

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 65

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS - 66 Video

BIO-ENVIRONMENT QS & ANS - 66

Map of India

India Part-I Introduction

Physiography : Passes of India_ NEW

Important Passes of India

India Part-II Peninsular

India Part III-Eastern Highlands

PART-IV India Western Ghats

India- V Deccan Plateau

India Part-VI Himalaya

India Part - VII Drainage (Introduction)

India Part - VIII Drainage : Himalayan Rivers

India Part- IX Drainage: Peninsular River

India Part- X India Eastern Ghats

India Part- XI The Coastal Plains

India: Physical Setting

Space Relationship - NEW

Space relation with adjoining countries (Class Lecture)

Chapter (Space Relationship of India with Neighbouring countries)

Structrue and Physiography (Class Lecture)

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY (Physiography) PART-1 (Class Lecture)

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY (Physiography) PART-2 (Class Lecture)

INDIAN GEOGRAPHY (Physiography) PART-3 (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Physiography)

Chapter (Physiography)

GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND STRUCTURE- NEW

Geology and Stucture (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Geology and Stucture)

Chapter (Geology and Stucture)

iNDIA PHYSICAL: Drainage System (CLASS LECTURE)

INDIA PHYSICAL :Drainage (CLASS LECTURE)

Synopsis (Drainage)

Chapter (Drainage)

CLIMATE-I NEW

CLIMATE-II NEW

Climate (Class Lecture)

Climate of India.mp4

Synopsis (Climate)

Chapter (Climate)

Chapter (Climatic Regions)

Synopsis (Climatic Classification)

Natural Vegetation (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Natural Vegetation)

Chapter (Natural Vegetation)

SOIL PART-I (Class Lecture)

Soil PART-II (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Soils)

Chapter (Soils)

Synopsis (Wetland & Water Bodies)

LANDSLIDE NEW

Synopsis (Landslides)

Chapter (Landslides)

Synopsis (Natural Phenomena: Avalanche)

Flood - NEW

Floods (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Floods)

Chapter (Floods)

Drought & Dpap - NEW.mp4

Drought (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Drought)

Chapter (Drought)

Desertification Video

The Indian Desert Marusthali (NEW)

Synopsis (Deforestation)

Chapter (Deforestation)

Practice Test Paper - I (India Physical Setting)

Practice Test Paper - II (India Physical Setting)

INDIA PHYSICAL SETTING PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK

QUESTION & ANSWER ANALYSIS

Q_03_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_04_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_05_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_06_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_08_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_11_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_17_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_18_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_19_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_22_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_26_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_27_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_32_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_40_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_41_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_42_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_43_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_46_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_49_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_50_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_55_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

Q_60_INDIA PHYSICAL ASPECTS

India: Resources

Land Resources (Class Lecture)

Chapter (Land Resources)

Synopsis (Land Resources)

Q_01_INDIA RESOURCES

Q_02_INDIA RESOURCES

Water Resources

Chapter (Water Resources)

Synopsis (Water Resources)

Q_03_RIVER WATER LINKING

Q_04_ROLE OF GOVT. IN SOLVING PROBLEM OF WATER RESOURCES

Mineral Resources

Synopsis (Mineral Resources)

Chapter (Mineral Resources)

Energy Resources. (Class Lecture)

Chapter (Energy Resources & Energy crisis)

Synopsis (Energy Resources)

Synopsis (Energy Crisis)

Q_05_WHAT IMPACT THE GREEN ENERGY CORRIDOR PROJECT IS LIKELY TO HAVE IN INDIA. DISCUSS

Synopsis (Biotic Resources)

Chapter (Biotic Resources)

Chapter (Forest Resources)

Chapter (Forest Conservation)

Forest Conservation

Chapter (Wildlife Resources)

Synopsis (Wildlife Resources)

Wildlife Conservation

Chapter (Marine Resources)

Synopsis (Marine Resources)

INDIA RESOURCE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf

QUESTION & ANSWER ANALYSIS

Q_06_INDIA RESOURCES

Q_07_INDIA RESOURCES

Q_08_INDIA RESOURCES

Q_09_INDIA RESOURCES

Q_10_INDIA RESOURCES

Indian Agriculture

Introduction - Indian Agriculture & Seeds

SEEDS - NEW

Synopsis (Seeds)

Chapter (Seeds)

Irrigation & Fertilizers (Class Lecture)

IRRIGATION NEW

Synopsis (Irrigation)

Chapter (Irrigation)

FERTILIZERS- NEW

Synopsis (Fertilizers)

Chapter (Fertilizers)

Power- NEW

Power (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Power)

Chapter (Power)

Chapter (land reforms)

Synopsis (Land holdings, Land Tenure & Land Reforms)

INTENSITY OF CROPPING- NEW

Intensity of Cropping (Class Lecture)

Chapter (Intensity of Cropping)

Synopsis (Intensity of Cropping)

AGRICULTURE PRODUCTVITY & EFFICIENCY

Synopsis (Agricultural Productivity)

GREEN REVOLUTION - NEW

Green Revolution (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Green Revolution)

Chapter (Green Revolution)

Dryland Farming & Social Forestry (Class Lecture)

DRYLAND FARMING - NEW

Synopsis (Dryland Farming)

Chapter (Dryland Farming)

SOCIAL FORESTRY- NEW

AGROFORESTRY - NEW

Synopsis (Agro and Social Forestry)

Chapter (Agro and Social Forestry)

LIVESTOCK RESOURCES- NEW

Livestock Resource (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Livestock Resource)

Chapter (Livestock Resource)

WHITE REVOLUTION- NEW

White Revolution (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (White Revolution)

Chapter (White Revolution)

AQUACULTURE - NEW

Aquacalture (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Aquacalture)

Chapter (Aquacalture)

Sericulture (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Sericulture)

Chapter (Sericulture)

Apiculture (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Apiculture)

Chapter (Apiculture)

Poultry Culture (Class Lecture)

Synopsis (Poultry)

Chapter (Poultry)

Agricultural Regionalisation- NEW

AGRICULTURAL REGIONALISATION

Chapter (Agricultural Regionalisation)

Synopsis (Cropping Pattern)

Chapter (Cropping Pattern)

Synopsis (Crop Combination)

Synopsis (Agro Climatic Zones)

Chapter (Agro Climatic Zones)

Synopsis (Agro Ecological Regions)

Chapter (Agro Ecological Regions)

INDIA AGRICULTURE PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK

INDIA : INDUSTRY

Introduction NEW.mp4

Chapter (Evolution of Industrialisation)

COTTON TEXTILE NEW

Synopsis (Cotton Textile Industry)

Chapter (Cotton Textile Industry)

JUTE INDUSTRY NEW

Synopsis (Jute Industry)

Chapter (Jute Industry)

Paper Industry NEW

Synopsis (Paper Industry)

Chapter (Paper Industry)

Sugar Industry NEW

Synopsis (Sugar Industry)

Chapter (Sugar Industry)

IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY NEW.mp4

Synopsis (Iron and Steel Industry)

Chapter (Iron and Steel Industry)

Synopsis (Aluminium Industry)

Chapter (Aluminium Industry)

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY NEW

Synopsis (Automobile Industry)

Chapter (Automobile Industry)

Synopsis (Fertiliser Industry)

Chapter (Fertiliser Industry)

Synopsis (Chemical Industry)

Synopsis (Pharmaceutical Industry)

Chapter (Pharmaceutical Industry)

COTTAGE INDUSTRIES NEW.mp4

Synopsis (Cottage Industries)

RURAL Industry NEW.mp4

Chapter (Rural Industries)

Industrial Regions and Complexes NEW.mp4

Synopsis (Industrial Regions and Complexes)

Chapter (Industrial Regions and Complexes)

Chapter (Industrial houses and including public sector undertaking)

Chapter (Industrial Policy)

Chapter (Multinational Companies (MNCs)

Chapter (Special Economic Zones)

Synopsis (Eco-Tourism)

Chapter (Eco-Tourism)

INDIA INDUSTRY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf

Practice Test -Indian Industry

QUESTION AND ANSWER ANALYSIS

Q_01_Industrial Growth and Industrialisation

Q_02_What Roles do Startups have in determining Footloose Industry

Q_03_India should move to Spatial Specialisation

Q_04_Components of Textile Industry

Q_05_Significance of Sugar Industry

Q_06_How is Growth of Textile Industry reflective of Nationalistic Feeling

Q_07_Future of Jute Industry

Q_08_Localisation of Iron & Steel Industry

Q_09_Mini Steel Plants

Q_10_Factors for Evolution and Development of Rural Industries

India:Transport,Communication and Trade

Chapter (Road Transport)

Chapter (Railway Transport)

Synopsis (Airway Transport)

Chapter (Airway Transport)

Synopsis (Waterway Transportation)

Chapter (Waterway Transportation)

Synopsis (Pipeline Transport)

Chapter (Pipeline Transport)

COMPETITION AND COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN DIFFERENT FORMS OF TRANS PORT- NEW

India -Transport Introduction Competition and Complementarity Port Development (CLASS LECTURE)

Synopsis (Competition and Complementary)

Chapter (Competition and Complementary)

PORT DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA- NEW

Synopsis (Indian Ports)

NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPACT

Synopsis (New Communication Technology)

Chapter (New Communication Technology)

India- Transport New Communication Technology Space Technology

INDIA SPACE PROGRAMME-.mp4

Synopsis (Indian Space Programme)

Chapter (Indian Space Programme)

Chapter (Trade Policy)

Chapter (Export Processing Zones)

INDIA TRANSPORT PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf

QUESTION & ANSWER ANALYSIS

Q_31_INDIA TRANSPORT

Q_32_&_33_INDIA TRANSPORT

Q_35_INDIA TRANSPORT

Q_45_Discuss why India's Space Programme is so significant for the defence of India as well as for other reasons

Q_47_INDIA TRANSPORT

Q_51_INDIA TRANSPORT

INDIA : POLITICAL ASPECTS

Nation Building - NEW

Space relationship of India with neighboring countries

Chapter (Space relationship of India with neighboring countries)

Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism - NEW

Synopsis (Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism)

Chapter (Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism)

State Reorganistion - NEW

Synopsis (State Reorganistion)

Chapter (State Reorganistion)

Chapter (Emergence of New States)

Regional Consciousness (Regionalism) - NEW

Chapter (Regional Consciousness)

Synopsis (Inter State Issues)

Chapter (Inter State Issues)

Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change

Synopsis (Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change)

Chapter (Geopolitics of South Asia India and China Change)

Synopsis (Cross Border Terrorism)

Chapter (Cross Border Terrorism)

Synopsis (India’s Role in World Affairs)

Chapter (India’s Role in World Affairs)

Synopsis (Geopolitics of Indian Ocean Realm)

Chapter (Geopolitics of Indian Ocean Realm)

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING

Regional Concept-Concept of Region - NEW

Synopsis (Concept of Region)

Chapter (Concept of Region)

Types of region- NEW

Synopsis (Types of Region)

Chapter (Types of Region)

Synopsis (Methods of Regionalism)

Chapter (Methods of Regionalism)

Growth Centers & Growth Poles- NEW

Synopsis (Growth Centers & Growth Poles)

Chapter (Growth Centers & Growth Poles)

REGIONAL IMBALANCES - NEW

Synopsis (Regional Imbalances)

Chapter (Regional Imbalances)

Synopsis (Regional Imbalances in India)

Chapter (Regional Imbalances in India)

Synopsis (Regional Development Strategies)

Chapter (Regional Development Strategies)

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN regional planning ISSUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION - NEW

Synopsis (Environmental Issues In Regional Planning & Planning For Sustainable Development)

Chapter (Environmental Issues In Regional Planning & Planning For Sustainable Development)

REGIONAL PLANNING IN INDIA - NEW

Synopsis (Regional Planning in India)

Synopsis (Regional Planning In Five Year)

Chapter (Regional Planning In Five Year)

Chapter (Concept of Backwardness)

Synopsis (Planning for Backward Area)

Chapter (Planning for Backward Area)

India Regional Planning Backward Areas

Command Area Development - NEW

Synopsis (Command Area Development)

Chapter (Command Area Development)

Chapter (Desert Development Programme)

Synopsis (Drought Prone Area Programme)

Chapter (Drought Prone Area Programme)

Hill Area Development - NEW

Synopsis (Hill Area Development Programme)

Chapter (Hill Area Development Programme)

Chapter (Tribal Area Development)

ISLAND DEVELOPMENT - NEW

Synopsis (Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories)

Chapter (Regional Planning and Development of Island Territories)

Watershed Management NEW

Synopsis (Watershed Management)

Chapter (Watershed Management)

Multi level Planning - NEW

Synopsis (Multi level Planning)

Chapter (Multi level Planning)

Synopsis (Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Planning)

Chapter (Panchayati Raj and Decentralised Planning)

Chapter (Integrated Rural Development Programmes (IRDP))

Synopsis (Experience of Regional Planning In India)

Chapter (Experience of Regional Planning In India)

Practice Test - Regional Planning

REGIONAL PLANNING PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK.pdf

INDIA: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES

Landslides Video

Synopsis (Landslides)

Chapter (Landslides)

Earthquakes Video

Chapter (Earthquakes)

Tsunamis Video

Synopsis (Tsunami)

Chapter (Tsunami)

Floods Video

Synopsis (Floods)

Chapter (Floods)

Drought Video

Synopsis (Drought)

Chapter (Drought)

Lighting

Tornado

Chapter (Epidemics)

Chapter (Issues Relating to Environmental Pollution)

Chapter (Changing Land Use Pattern)

Synopsis (Food Security)

Chapter (Environmental Impact Assessment And Environmental Management; Population Explosion And Food Security)

Chapter (Environmental degradation)

DESERTIFICATION.mp4

Synopsis (Deforestation & Desertification)

Synopsis (Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest)

Chapter (Problems of Agrarian and Industrial Unrest)

Chapter (Regional Imbalances)

Chapter (Sustainable Development)

Chapter (Environmental Awareness)

INDIA NATURAL EVENTS & CONTEMPORARY ISSUES PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS BANK

PREVIOUS YEAR QS

UPSC Mains 2019-GEOG. OPT. PAPER-1

UPSC Mains 2019-GEOG. OPT. PAPER-2

Preview - Geography Optional